Re: The following packages have been kept back:

Karl Auer:

> If you want the packages that have been kept back, just use "apt-get
> install" for those packages.

I use 'aptitude full-upgrade' or 'apt-get dist-upgrade' instead.

> "apt-get dist-upgrade" is not something anyone should get into the habit
> of using for routine updates. It's safe enough as long as you are on the
> currently highest OS revision - but one day it will suddenly upgrade
> your whole OS, which is not something you generally want to happen
> unexpectedly.

I don't see how 'apt-get dist-upgrade' should "suddenly" upgrade to a
newer Ubuntu version. At least not if you didn't manually change the
sources.list entries to point to the new revision's repositories. But:
- that is not a recommended way of upgrading,
- if you do it anyway, you can be expected to know what you're doing.

BTW: I consider apt-get's parameter 'dist-upgrade' confusingly named.
Exactly because it will *not* make a distribution upgrade out of the blue.
Maybe that's the reason why for aptitude 'dist-upgrade' is deprecated in
favour of 'full-upgrade' (and 'upgrade' in favour of 'safe-upgrade').

My guess would be that 'dist-upgrade' stems from the time where changing
sources.list and calling 'apt-get dist-upgrade' afterwards was the way
to indeed make a disrtibution upgrade.

-- 
Regards
  mks

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