Re: Phocaeans from lonia

What is Hermes wearing on his head in that Phocaean coin I just 
posted. Is it a French barret, or, something a fellow in Scotland 
might put on?

Have you heard of the Galatians? I have posted about them several 
times in this group, along with Ogmios, the Celtic deity.

Now, I must let out a wonderful bellow of laughter, my rosy cheeks 
all aglow, and quote a line in a poem;

"It is enough to say that truth can be
come sit ye where the roses grow;
for he does not know how to know, 
who also knows how to un-know."

You who follow Christianity in the slightest, must now begin the 
arduous task of un-knowing all you you know, for most of what you 
think you know, is a lie.

Jon

http://www.christinyou.net/pages/galintro.html


   If I were to write a letter which began with the greeting, "Dear 
Frenchmen," to whom do you think I would be writing? Would I be 
addressing the citizens or residents of the nation of France? Would 
this be a broad greeting to all peoples of French ethnicity or 
ancestry? Would I be addressing only ethnic French males? Or perhaps 
it would be written to all peoples who speak the French language, 
whether in Quebec, New Orleans, Sierra Leone, Madagascar, Polynesia, 
etc. By the way, the words "Francaise" and the Anglicized 
word "French" are etymologically derived from the Germanic word 
for "free-man"; a fact that has no doubt long galled the French in 
their intense desire for ethnic and national distinction.
   I employ this introduction to reveal one of the major issues of 
consideration concerning this letter ¬ the identification of the 
recipients ¬ which, in turn, reflects on its dating and the 
interpretation of its theological content. To whom was this letter 
written? Who were the original recipients, and what was the context 
that necessitated such correspondence?
   Internal evidence within the epistle adequately reveals that it 
was written to the "Galatians" (1:2; 3:1). But who were these 
Galatians, and where did they reside? These have long been issues of 
differing opinion by Biblical commentators.
   Some historical background is necessitated. The 
designation "Galatians" refers to "Gaul-peoples," or "the persons of 
Gaul." When we look back in history, we note that Celtic people had 
settled in the central part of the territory now known as France at 
least by the sixth or seventh century B.C. They came to be known as 
the Gauls (Latin: Galli), and the territory they inhabited was 
designated as Gaul (Latin: Gallia), although some referred to the 
region as Galatia.
   In the third century (approximately 280 B.C.) the Gauls invaded 
Rome and were ultimately repulsed in Greece. Apparently it was a 
contingent of these Gallic invaders who migrated in the middle of 
the third century B.C. into the north-central part of Asia Minor 
(aka Anatolia) south of the Black Sea, in what is now known as the 
nation of Turkey (cf. map of Galatia #1). Known as fiercely 
independent peoples, they conquered the indigenous peoples of that 
region and established their own independent kingdom. The Romans 
eventually defeated these Galatians, and in 64 B.C. the Galatian 
kingdom was recognized as a subsidiary client-kingdom under the 
jurisdiction of Rome, but allowed to maintain their own king. By 50 
B.C. Roman Emperor, Julius Caesar, had also captured the entire 
territory of Gaul in western Europe, which he referred to as Gallia 
Transalpina (Gaul across the Alps), noting in his Commentaries that 
the Galli or Celtae peoples inhabited the central portion of the 
territory, while the Belgae were in the north, and the Aquitani 
people resided in the south. When the king of the Galatian sub-
kingdom in Asia Minor died in 25 B.C., the Romans used the occasion 
to change Galatia from an ethnically designated kingdom into a 
political province of the empire with borders that extended in a 
narrow band down towards the Mediterranean Sea (cf. map of Galatia 
#2). This province was called "Galatia," and was so designated 
during the first century A.D. when the New Testament literature was 
written. It is also worthy of note that a portion of the Galatian 
political province was removed and added to Cilicia in 137 A.D., 
while another portion was removed and added to Pisidia in the third 
century, leaving only the northern portion of what was roughly the 
original Galatian ethnic region identified as the Roman province of 
Galatia (cf. map of Galatia #3). The importance of this later 
provincial restructuring is apparent when we note that early 
Christian commentators of the second and third centuries A.D. tended 
to identify the recipients of Paul's letter to the Galatians as 
residents of the northern area which was the geographical area of 
the province so designated in their time. Based upon their early 
determinations, this became the prevailing understanding in 
Christian interpretation for many centuries.
   Now the reader can begin to see why Paul's addressing of this 
letter to the "Galatians" raises questions whether the recipients 
are to be regarded as primarily ethnically designated, or whether 
this was a political and provincial designation, which in the middle 
of the first century A.D. would have included southern regions and 
cities into which Paul is known to have visited and ministered on 
his first missionary journey (cf. Acts 13,14) with Barnabas (who is 
mentioned by name in 2:1,9,13 as an individual with whom the readers 
would have been acquainted).

http://www.christinyou.net/pages/galintro.html


http://www.kernunnos.com/deities/ogmios/ogmios.html-- In Templar-de-
Rosemont@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Jon Presco" <braskewitz@xxxx> wrote:
> Here.............CATCH!
> 
> http://idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/WestCivI/phocaea.htm
> 
> Don't spend it all in one place! It's......a Gift, from Jon.
> 
> "Phocaeans from lonia, had landed from their warships at the mouth 
> of the Rhone in southern Gaul and established a base, Massalia, 
> modern Marseilles."
> 
> The Ionians founded Rhodes, a Rose name says Steve Mizrach. What 
was 
> the image stamped on the coin that John the Baptist threw at the 
> Herodican castle. Hmmmmmmmmmmm!
> 
> From where, and from whom, did the priests who came to name John, 
> learn how to make SIGNS with their fingers?
> 
> How many times must I throw this in your face, before you catch on?
> 
> Jon
> 
> http://www.kernunnos.com/deities/ogmios/ogmios.html
> 
> "Lucian describes a picture of Ogmios which he saw in Gaul, when 
> residing in Gallia Narbonensis, perhaps around Marseille: he was 
> depicted with bow and the club normally associated with Hercules."
> 
> "Following the Lydians, the Phocaeans were among the first in the 
> world to make and use coins as money. Its coins were made of 
> electrum an alloy of silver and gold. The British Museum has a 
> Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" 
> in Greek) [9]"
> 
> The Holy Blood and The Holy Grail was co-authored by Baigent, Lee, 
> and Lincoln. It dealt with a legendary secret society committed to 
> restoring the Merovingian dynasty in France. This society they 
> ingeniously traced "to the son of Jesus through Mary Magdala. ' 
> Mary, they say, married Jesus, and then brought their son (hence, 
> the "Holy Blood") to Marseille, providing the basis for the later 
> legend of the Holy Grail (Saint Greal = Sang Real, or Royal Blood).
> 
> http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Cities/Phocaea.html
> 
> According to Herodotus the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make 
> long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, 
> Tyrrhenia and Spain. Herodotus relates that they so impressed, 
> Arganthonius, king of Tartessus in Spain, that he invited them to 
> settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of 
> money to build a wall around their city. (Herodotus, The 
Histories, 
> 1.136.1-4 [3] (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?
> lookup=Hdt.+1.163.1)) 
> 
> Their sea travel was extensive. To the south they probably 
conducted 
> trade with the Greek colony of Naucratis in Egypt, which was the 
> colony of their fellow Ionian city Miletus. To the north, they 
> probably helped settle Amisos (Samsun) on the Black Sea, and 
> Lampsakos at the north end of the Hellespont (now Dardanelles). 
> However Phocaea's major colonies were to the west. These included 
> Alalia in Corsica, Massalia (Marseilles) in France, and Emporion 
> (Ampurias) in Spain. 
> 
> 
> 
> Following the Lydians, the Phocaeans were among the first in the 
> world to make and use coins as money. Its coins were made of 
> electrum an alloy of silver and gold. The British Museum has a 
> Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" 
> in Greek) [9]
>  
> (http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/worldofmoney/world_wom.html) 
> 
> http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/history3.html
> 
> Ogmios We know of the god Ogmios from the writings of Lucian of 
> Samosata, a Greek author who wrote during the 2nd c. AD. Ogmios 
was 
> apparently equated with the Classical demo-god hero HERCULES. 
Lucian 
> describes a picture of Ogmios which he saw in Gaul, when residing 
in 
> Gallia Narbonensis, perhaps around Marseille: he was depicted with 
> bow and the club normally associated with Hercules, but instead of 
> the powerful god of Graeco-Roman mythology, Ogmios Hercules was 
> portrayed as an old man, bald and burnt by the sun. Curiously, the 
> god in Lucian's picture drew behind him a happy band of men who 
were 
> attached to him by thin gold chains linking their ears to the tip 
of 
> his tongue. Lucian was informed by a Gaulish acquaintance that the 
> Celts associated eloquence with Hercules, because of his strength. 
> Apart from Lucian's testimony, Ogmios is invoked on two lead 
> defixiones or curse tablets from Bregenz on Lake Constance; on one 
> of these, Ogmios is requested to intervene and lay a curse on a 
> barren woman so that she would never marry.
> 
> The Phocaeans of Massilia founded the colony of Monoikos, named 
for 
> its Ligurian inhabitants, in the 6th century B.C. in the area now 
> known as Monaco. Monoikos was associated with Hercules, venerated 
in 
> this location alone as Hercules Monoecus. According to 
the "travels 
> of Hercules" theme, also documented by Diodorus Siculus and 
Strabo, 
> both Greeks and native Ligurian people asserted that Hercules 
passed 
> through the area.
> 
> The modern port is still sometimes called the "Port of Hercules". 
> The 1907 Catholic Encyclopedia wrote, "From ancient times until 
the 
> nineteenth century the port of Monaco was among the most important 
> of the French Mediterranean coast, but now it has lost all 
> commercial significance."
>  
> Following the Lydians, the Phocaeans were among the first in the 
> world to make and use coins as money. Its coins were made of 
> electrum an alloy of silver and gold. The British Museum has a 
> Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" 
> in Greek) [9] 
> 
> (http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/worldofmoney/world_wom.html) 
> dating from 600-550 BC. 
> 
> 
> About 600 BC., news reached Carthage of an event that threatened 
to 
> undermine Punic supremacy in the western Mediterranean and confine 
> the great metropolis to the African coast. The news was that Greek 
> colonists, Phocaeans from lonia, had landed from their warships at 
> the mouth of the Rhone in southern Gaul and established a base, 
> Massalia, modern Marseilles. To the Carthaginians, who had 
hitherto 
> been the undisputed masters of the sea in the western 
Mediterranean, 
> this meant the arrival of their Greek competitors right in the 
midst 
> of their own trading area.
>  
> http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/history3.html
> 
> The Phocaeans of Massilia founded the colony of Monoikos, named 
for 
> its Ligurian inhabitants, in the 6th century B.C. in the area now 
> known as Monaco. Monoikos was associated with Hercules, venerated 
in 
> this location alone as Hercules Monoecus. According to 
the "travels 
> of Hercules" theme, also documented by Diodorus Siculus and 
Strabo, 
> both Greeks and native Ligurian people asserted that Hercules 
passed 
> through the area.
> 
> The modern port is still sometimes called the "Port of Hercules". 
> The 1907 Catholic Encyclopedia wrote, "From ancient times until 
the 
> nineteenth century the port of Monaco was among the most important 
> of the French Mediterranean coast, but now it has lost all 
> commercial significance."
> 
> 
> --- In templars@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, X X <zenithn@xxxx> wrote:
> > > Monaco derives its name from the nearby Greek
> > > colony, Monoikos, 
> > > founded in the 6th century BC by the Phoceans.
> > 
> > Jon, who are the Phoceans? I'm afraid i never heard
> > about them. could you enlighten us?
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >             
> > ___________________________________________________________ 
> > How much free photo storage do you get? Store your holiday 
> > snaps for FREE with Yahoo! Photos http://uk.photos.yahoo.com




 
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