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recalcitrant: msg#00001culture.language.word-of-the-day
***************************************************************** Discover the hidden meanings you've been missing! Check out Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Allusions. http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/book.pl?allusion.htm&6 ***************************************************************** The Word of the Day for March 2 is: recalcitrant \rih-KAL-suh-trunt\ adjective *1 : obstinately defiant of authority or restraint 2 a : difficult to manage or operate b : not responsive to treatment c : resistant Example sentence: Anna's doctor ordered a week of complete bed rest, but, ever recalcitrant when it comes to doctors' orders, she was up and baking a cake after two days. Did you know? Long before any human was dubbed "recalcitrant" in English (that first occurred, as best we know, in one of William Thackeray's works in 1843), there were stubborn mules (and horses) kicking back their heels. The ancient Romans noted as much (Pliny the Elder among them), and they had a word for it -- "recalcitrare," which literally means "to kick back." (Its root "calc-," meaning "heel," is also the root of "calcaneus," the large bone of the heel in humans.) Certainly Roman citizens in Pliny's time were sometimes willful and hardheaded -- as attested by various Latin words meaning "stubborn" -- but it wasn't until later that writers of Late Latin applied "recalcitrare" and its derivative adjective to humans who were stubborn as mules. *Indicates the sense illustrated in the example sentence. |
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