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recalcitrant: msg#00001

culture.language.word-of-the-day

Subject: recalcitrant

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The Word of the Day for March 2 is:

recalcitrant \rih-KAL-suh-trunt\ adjective
*1 : obstinately defiant of authority or restraint
2 a : difficult to manage or operate b : not responsive to
treatment c : resistant

Example sentence:
Anna's doctor ordered a week of complete bed rest, but,
ever recalcitrant when it comes to doctors' orders, she was up
and baking a cake after two days.

Did you know?
Long before any human was dubbed "recalcitrant" in English
(that first occurred, as best we know, in one of William
Thackeray's works in 1843), there were stubborn mules (and
horses) kicking back their heels. The ancient Romans noted as
much (Pliny the Elder among them), and they had a word for it --
"recalcitrare," which literally means "to kick back." (Its
root "calc-," meaning "heel," is also the root of "calcaneus,"
the large bone of the heel in humans.) Certainly Roman citizens
in Pliny's time were sometimes willful and hardheaded -- as
attested by various Latin words meaning "stubborn" -- but it
wasn't until later that writers of Late Latin
applied "recalcitrare" and its derivative adjective to humans
who were stubborn as mules.

*Indicates the sense illustrated in the example sentence.





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