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Subject: Re: Benjamin Mako Hill on Creative Commons - msg#00002
List: culture.internet.nettime
> Towards a Standard of Freedom: Creative Commons and the Free Software
> Movement
> Author: Benjamin Mako Hill
> Contact: mako-lj4GKW+Fb7Q@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Date: Fri, 29 Jul 2005 13:39:49 -0400
> Copyright: Creative Commons ShareAlike License
Hi Mako,
This is a great article. It reminds me of why I stopped developing Debian and
decided
to focus my time working on Anarchist and Anti-Capitalist organizing. The sense
of
disillusionment and the ultimate theme that CC is not enough resonates with me,
while
it is different. Funny, as you were one of the main people to help me into
Debian.
> Comparisons between CC and Free Software are hardly coincidental. The CC
> website proudly describes the inspiration for the project as, in part,
> "the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)."
> Many of the minds behind CC (Lawrence Lessig, James Boyle, and others)
> made important contributions to legal and philosophical discussions of
> the Free Software movement before starting CC.
It would seem to me that the Free Software Foundation should have some input on
this
issue in general. It seems that CC is using them as a reference point and using
them to
gain credibility, so maybe they should provide a response to that use.
> Free software advocates have been able to use the free software
> definition as the rallying point for a powerful social movement. Free
> software, like the concept of freedom in any freedom movement, is
> something that one can demand, something that one can protest for, and
> something that one can work toward. Working toward these goals, Free and
> Open Source Software movements have created the GNU/Linux operating
> system and billions of lines of freely available computer code.
One comparison that strikes me in this article is the radical/liberal divide
that this
seems to represent. Radicals compromise their values less and there are fewer
of them.
Liberals are more willing to compromise for a buck and there are more of them.
This
seems to be similar to the computer world when looking at the spectrum of who's
using
what license.
> For the CC founders and many of CC's advocates, FOSS's success is a
> source of inspiration. However, despite CC's stated desire to learn from
> and build upon the example of the free software movement, CC sets no
> defined limits and promises no freedoms, no rights, and no fixed
> qualities. Free software's success is built upon an ethical position. CC
> sets no such standard.
Again the liberal comparison comes to mind. CC is much like people who say "war
is
okay, just not this particular war". They seem to be saying "not sharing is
okay, so is
sharing".
> A new license, the CC "Sampling License" or "Recombo" license -- created
> in association with the band Negativland the Brazilian music living
> legend (and Minister of Culture) Gilberto Gil -- prohibits even verbatim
> distribution while allowing for commercial and non-commercial sampling.
> Another new license allows a for a broad range of freedoms -- but only
> for those living in the developing world.
Clearly this represents the liberal divide again. The sampling license seems
intended
entirely to make some tiny change in the music industry, instead of saying
"music
should be free", they're saying "here's a way for you to make a tiny bit of
music free
to look good, please do it". Just the same as its far easier to say "lets give
aid to
starving children in africa" than it is to say "lets give aid to starving
children in
brooklyn".
> Had CC followed a model similar to that of Free Software, they would
> have drawn a line in the sand. "This is a Commons film. That film is
> not." It would have sent a clear message that making a CC document is
> more difficult than convincing the CC board to add another license to
> the CC website. By drawing this line, CC would be taking the risk that
> not as many individuals would be able or willing to use CC licenses and
> that some injustices and imbalances might not be addressed by their
> project. Non-participation, even en-mass, was a risk Richard Stallman
> was willing to take in the pursuit of more freedom for software.
> Ultimately, users of the GNU/Linux operating system created by the
> social movement he initiated have his stubbornness to thank for the
> consistent level of software freedom they enjoy.
I think you have a great point here, and clearly, just as we need a diversity of
tactics to succeed in other movements, we need a diversity of tactics to
succeed in
achieving freedom of information beyond the realm of code.
> To be sure, many programmers and software companies are uncomfortable
> with the freedoms required by the FSD. Programmers are welcome to
> release applications under a license that prohibits terrorists,
> fascists, or pacifists from using their software but their software
> won't be free. There are very good and thoughtfully considered reasons
This is precisely why I stopped working on Debian. I'm not happy writing code
that may,
and probably will, be used to develop weapons to be used on innocent people.
I'd rather
have a license that disallows any use for state terrorism.
> Not every programmer has to write free software. Not every programmer
> does. But if coders want to call their project "Free Software" or "Open
> Source," they must pass the bar set in the FSD and OSD. If a programmer
> wants their software included in Debian, listed in the Free Software
> Directory, or supported by SourceForge, Free Software's core freedoms
> must exist for their users. As a result, few coders write "almost free"
> software today while, proportionately, many more did two decades ago.
> With Creative Commons there is no bar and no essential freedom. As a
> social movement, CC has failed to take positions and set goals in the
> ways that made free software successful.
One thing you seem to be addressing here is the mutual aid that occurs in Free
Software
communities. There is a benefit to being called "free software". Does a similar
benefit
exist for CC content? These benefits come from long term creation of networks
and
infrastructure around shared ideals. How can we create this kind of culture
around a
new Free Information ideal?
> By no means is CC a bad thing--this article is distributed under a CC
> license. Every CC license clearly describes a right that cannot be taken
> for granted in contemporary copyright. With licenses that declare an
> author's intentions, the need for lawyers and permission-asking is
> significantly minimized. CC licenses are easy to understand and easy to
> apply. But by failing to take any firm ethical position and draw any
> line in the sand, CC is a missed opportunity.
A similar criticism can be made of the GPL. What if the original GPL had a
non-commercial clause in it, making a firm stand against capitalism? Would it
have
flourished the same way it did? Or, was Free Software butressed by the fact
that it is
compatible with most contemporary forms of exploitation, that it is compatible
with all
of the other injustices that capitalism creates? In my interview with Richard
Stallman
( http://radio.indymedia.org/news/2005/01/3249.php), he points out that he is not
anti-capitalist, only anti-fascist.
> When asked at the World Summit on the Information Society about
> non-commercial use clauses, Lessig said that he thought they were
> overused and frequently a bad idea. For whatever reasons, 3/4 of
> CC-licensed works prohibit commercial use [4]. Lessig provided licenses
> and he hoped most creators' conservatism and fears would not get the
> better of them. Apparently, they did; artistic works under these
> licenses are less accessible to a large number of creators.
Is that because people are worried of other people ripping them off, as they
are ripped
off their whole lives under capitalism? I think the relationship here between
the Free
Software ideal and the capitalist system it lives in is a complicated one. I
know a lot
of indymedia volunteers who use the non-commercial clause because they are
anti-capitalist. I don't think that is the majority of cases, though. Who are
the
people making CC content today? Why are they doing so?
> did not. To this day, no widely discussed -- much less widely accepted
> -- definition of free, open, or common content exists.
This seems to be the critical task, then, to create such a definition. Since it
is
beyond the realm of software, it seems like a first step towards such a
definition is
to understand who should make such a definition. Content creators, human rights
activists, free software programmers, the intersection of all of these? Is
there a
movement for Freedom of Information? Who inhabits that movement? Does it go
beyond Free
Software and the original motivations, to simply maintain freedom, but to also
provide
a kind of protection for access?
> It is a criticism of the fact that there is no base level of freedom
> that every Creative Commons license must provide.
I think you've created a very convincing argument for the need for us to
develop our
own standard. Thank you.
> Too often the debate over creative control tends to the extremes.
> At one pole is a vision of total control -- a world in which every last
> use of a work is regulated and in which "all rights reserved" (and then
> some) is the norm. At the other end is a vision of anarchy -- a world in
> which creators enjoy a wide range of freedom but are left vulnerable to
> exploitation. Balance, compromise, and moderation -- once the driving
> forces of a copyright system that valued innovation and protection
> equally -- have become endangered species.
Again, this so clearly reminds me of liberals.
> It is not too late to discuss which rights should be unreservable in an
> era of free information. When we have defined free information in terms
> of essential freedoms, Creative Commons will have provided us with the
> licenses through which to build this movement.
This gets to the kind of power that we have as the mass of humanity, and not as
the few
tiny rulers. We have the power to create our own licenses and then build
billions of
lines of code under our own licenses. Similarly, freedom is something you do,
not
something given to you, as someone far wiser than I said. The question to me
becomes,
when do we start exercising our freedoms, taking them, not asking for them.
That seems
to be happening today en masse, with P2P use growing by the millions and file
sharing
traffic taking up a majority of internet usage:
http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=20050830172731749
http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=20050829153617250
So what happens when governments try to take these freedoms away? Will people
fight
back?
--
encrypted mail preferred // gpg key id 0x250E12BF
//
http://deleteTheBorder.org
http://radioActiveradio.org
http://sandiego.indymedia.org
http://organicCollective.org
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Hernani Dimantas: Linkania--the Hyperconected Multitude [u]
From: Hernani Dimantas <hdimantas-Re5JQEeQqe8AvxtiuMwx3w@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
(posted to nettime with the permission of the author. /geert)
Linkania - The Hyperconected Multitude
By Hernani Dimantas
"I link therefore I'm." Edward Wilson 1
Thinking of citizenship in the web society is increasingly complex.
How do chaos and order fit together in a concept that puts the individual in
possession
of the civil and politic of a State. Individual is an eroded word. A human
being cannot
be seen as indivisible. In a modern society people are multifaceted and are
able to
live many lives in a single one. Schizophreny blooms in this society mediated
by the
digital.
Heidegger asks: What is this -- philosophy?, and says:
"We talk about philosophy. Questioning this way we remain somewhere over
philosophy,
and this means outside it. However, the point of our question is to get inside
philosophy, to remain there, to submit our behaviour to its laws, that means
,"to
philosophize". The course of our discussion must therefore have not only a well
defined direction, but this direction has to, at the same time, assure to us
that we
are moving in the realm of philosophy, and not outside and around it. The
course of our
discussion must therefore be of that kind and direction so that what philosophy
handles
touches our responsibility, touches us, exactly in our being." 2
In the same manner as to philosophize we have to take part, to live in the web
we have
to "brush up the bits" 3 from the inside outwards. In the same manner that
people, mass or State are empty and excluding words, citizenship is a term that
assumes
a look from the outside. Our goal is to enter citizenship. The idea is to take
part, or
"citizenize". I want, however, to go a little beyond this concept.
My reference is linkania. A movement of self-organization of chaos. Linkania is
an
idea, an insertion in the world of ideas and things. Marcelo Estraviz says:
"...I'm getting tired of the empty speech about this citizenship. Empty because
it
does mean almost nothing, but it's pretty to say. Citizenship, in its essence,
is
entailed (linked?) to rights and obligations. Instead of talking and fully
exercise
this, discuss, spread, we talk of the vague terminology of citizenship." 4
The concept of citizenship is being emptied in the critic. Many activists
against mass
media sit at night on their couches and enjoy the colourfull screen pluged on
Rede
Globo. Soap operas of the idle life pass in front of their eyes. We must aim
beyond
tactics. Activism has to go beyond criticism and constitute itself as a thought
action,
starting from a deep understanding of linkania and from a new model of relation
among
people and between people and technologies.
Because linkania has to do with people. I mean people in a more encompassing
form. With
the digital technologies we are perceiving feelings that were not present in our
standard metaphysics. We are probing our singularities (and our
schizophrenias). We
have a crowd inside each person. Linkania makes the bonds for auto-organization.
Therefore, linkania is opposed to the Hegelian idea of citizenship. Linkania is
immanent. It is connected to people.
Toni Negri gives an interesting insight:
"Against all avatars of the transcendence of the sovereign power (and nominally
that of
the "sovereign people"), the concept of the = mutitude is one of immanence: a
revolutionary monster of the non-representable singularities, it begins with
the idea
that any body is a crowd in itself, and consequently, the expression and
cooperation.
It's in the same manner a class concept, subject of the production and subject
to
exploration, this being defined as exploration of the cooperation of
singularities, a
materialistic dispositive of the multitude can only start from a prioritary
taking of
the body and from the struggle against its exploration." 5
In this sense the internet brings novelty. It lets us perceive these
singularities and
understand that this monstrous multitude potencializes the debate. It lets us
understand that power tends to decentralization. The catalysis of collaboration
is not
a case under development. It is a virtual reality. Collaboration is a process
that
wasn't born with the computer. It's in people's mouth, rounding the dusty
asphalt of
the outskirts.
Linux was born, has grown up, ripened and, now, reaches the technological
orgasm.
Breaking the logic of "market share" is the apex of pleasure for the hacker
communities. But I don't want to restrain myself to Linux. I've been saying
that Linux
is only the tip of the iceberg in this knowledge revolution. The free software
communities are the model for a possible collaboration society. It was the
developers
that broke the barrier and superposed themselves over the dogmas of the
industrial era.
But software is only a tool. In a collaboration society a digital ecology must
prevail.
Collaboration demands generosity.
There is no collaboration without generosity. Collaboration is not a help.
Nothing to
do with "don't give the fish, teach how to fish". = It has to do with common
interest projects. It's an incentive for the search for relevant information.
For those
who don't "brush up the markets" will not get to understand that the world is
more
collective.
However, this collective does not destroy the individual.6 We are living in a
collective of individualities. In the web we can perceive the power of
individual
publications. Publishing texts and ideas, at low cost, and the engagement of
people
united through the blogs, bulletin boards, home pages and forums signs to a
differential. The sum of singularities in collaboration shapes the
collaborative group.
In this process the ideas sparkle. Conversations are asynchronous and join
people, they
create communities that overlap, interact, intersect and build themselves.
Internet has
already broken the elitism of information. And has also decentralized fame.
Unlike what
occurs in mass communication, with internet the world becomes without "heroes".
In the web, being is being seen. Blogs, the same as their publishers, exist to
be seen.
Without celebrities and Olympians, no emissors nor receptors. We all are just
people in
cyberspace.
To live in this network we have to understand this new dynamic. We have to
perceive
ourselves as people in a process. One of the ideas virtuality puts upside-down
is
identity. The resources allow the existence of many "me", turned real. Those
"me" depend on a = socially constructed repertoire.
Social networks
What is the novelty of a social network culture? Fundamentally, there is
nothing new,
we live in networks since ever. The network is the standard configuration of
the human
being along history. However, during the last two decades, the concept of
network has
been used as an alternative organization that allows answers to a series of
demands for
flexibility, connectivity and decentralization of social activity. With the
communication and interaction technologies, networks begin to facilitate contact
through distance in real time. They motivate and potentialize conversation.
Reconduct
communication to a organizational systems logic able to unite people and
institutions
in a decentralized and participative form.
Capitalism, albeit dominant, cannot sustain itself anymore. Its main
foundations,
economy, the paradigm of bureaucratic ethics and mass culture, are in crisis.
The
crisis is a cue that a new order is urgently necessary, a re-shaping. The 20th.
century
demands, therefore, structural changes in power. It's in this scenario that the
social
networks acquire their importance.
Technology catalyzes people's intelligence: "The revolution of information
technologies acts reshaping the material bases of society and incites the rise
of
informationalism as the material basis of a new society"7. But we cannot ascribe
these changes only to technology. The R(evolution), including the one promoted
by the
internet, has nothing to do with computers. It has to do with people.
Internet makes the blooming of new social and cultural network movements
possible. It
enables the organization of civil society in new forms of conduct and the
return to
human networks after years of domination by machine and bureaucraty networks.
To link, to link and to link
To link for generosity. To link because we have common interests with real
people. To
link has objectives: recover the lost voice, to seek in the digital interlines
for a
hope lapse, a more human humanity. Linkania is the collaborative evolution. To
link, to
link and to link.:
this is the motto of the new world.
Linkania... is citizenship without cities. It's un-territorialized. The action
is
local, but the connection is global. It's the friend's link, the neighbour's.
It's the
cue. It's bussines between two companies in different continents. It's the help
given
by your cousin from Madrid by e-mail. It's the discussion flowing in the forum
to visit
some exposition, and the link to the exposition, that somebody prints and pins
on the
nursery mural. All this are links. It's the text by some blogger that makes you
think.
It's the valious discovery by the jobless who visits an infocentre and
registers for a
government programme that sends him to a job. And it was a hint by a neighbour,
he gave
the link.8
Conversation in the internet is very different from that done live, face to
face.
Presently, for instance, thousands of people, and thousands of Brazilians among
them,
are using the blog as a conversation and decentralized information tool. One of
the
more immediate consequences of this conversation falls on journalism. Why read
Jos=E9
Sim=E3o? I can read Cora R=F3nai's blog [http://cora.blogspot.com]. Why do I
need to
read news about cinema in the Folha de S.Paulo? Nemo Nox has already done the
critique
in burburinho [http://www.burburinho.com]. Why wait for the analysis about the
planet's
situation in the Estad=E3o? NovaE [http://www.novae.inf.br] does it every week.
There
are so many alternatives to know what's happening through the world that the
traditional press is losing, step by step, its power and its place as "opinion
shaper". Individually = most of the blogs do not add anything, at least for the
unconnected majority. But, for those who believe in the making of a reputation,
blogs
are agregant, powerfull, impactant, they are an important novelty. They exist
in the
agreement between people, in the kindness of a hyperlink. They extrapolate
concepts,
thoughts, missions, campaigns and disputes.
Paulo Bicarato makes an interesting analysis on the reach of the blog
phenomenon:
"(...)there are still some annalists that surprise me with their miopy:
speaking of
blogs, they question the number of accesses, for instance, along with other
characteristics which have only and exclusive commercial interest. But blogs
don't have
any commercial interest, in principle. In some cases they can even give origin
to some
project with commercial outcome, but then they cease to be blogs. The personal
voice of
each one, reverberating through the web, is what characterizes this
effectivation of
the expression liberty. And every one of us has something to say." 9
I agree with Bicarato, albeit I don't make this distinction between commercial
and
non-commercial. This rancour is outdated. I do rather make reference to the
amateur
work, or of those who love what they do.
Blog has much more to do with lust, with the urge to protagonize one's own
life. Blog
is about decentralized conversation. And decentralization sends to the process
of
linkania.
In spite of all this, the concept of linkania is not to be confounded with the
blogger
neighbourhood, nor with social softwares. Linkania is not a list of links.
Linkania is
the kindness to link. It's the act, the pleasure, the love of seeking in
collaboration
a new way to produce and to be happy. To understand oneself as a link. Linkania
is
about the hyperconnected multitude. So, it is not fitting to think of cities as
the
space par excelence of sociability and culture.
The Religare
Estraviz stands upon the importance of religare:
"While linkania is a word of the future, religare is a word of the past. It's
whence
the word religion originated. I like religare more. A much more beautiful word.
Because
it does not imply creeds, rituals or institutions. Does not imply faithful or
unfaithful. Fundamentally it implies re-connect-oneself. With life, with the
world,
with the All. And with your neighbour." 10
We are eager to live this time of changes. We believe in a better world. In the
potentialization of connection and in a planetary consciousness. Our popular
poet
Gentileza (kindness) says: Kindness leads to kindness. Sharing of interests and
the
care for others makes us more human. Religare is so simple: an act of
generosity.
Religare is happening for us, who have internet. We are "digitally included", we
are in bunkers in our cities, we exercise (or not) a pretense citizenship. We
are in
the "RE" phase of re-ligare. Poverty was always in the "ligare". It was their
only choice. Among them fraternity happened for survival and with naturality.
That's
why they stay alive, because they help each other. We don't help them since we
disconnected from them, when we dehumanized them. What lacks then? Time. The
time for
the new generation to grow while the poor's children grow connected in their
schools
and neighbourhood associations. In the web without hierarchies and compromises,
things
will happen. 11
Religare is about a new paradigm, with a non-religious spirituality. The
possibility of
breaking the chains that make us lesser.
The edge is the centre. During the preparatives for the event Midia T=E1tica
Brasil
[http://midiatatica.org], which start was given in the metaphorical debates, 12
we
incorporated the idea that the edge is the centre. 13 Based on this idea, we
propose
possibilities for low earning people living at the outskirts to amplify their
voices.
They have telecentres, they have monitors, they are provided with progressist
public
policies that have as an objective the creation of the physical structure. That
means,
the installation of connected communitary centres. Things being so, even if the
access
is still restrict, we are working for the possibility of exercising linkania.
And so,
to link is to reach for inclusion.
Digital tropicalism
Music, images and texts are being spread in a free manner and in a never seen
amount.
But there remains an open question about how to create a mean to reward for all
this
creativity.
We don't have answers, we have ideas. I believe that these people, even having
remuneration as a final goal, are trying to get a firm hold, to step on hard
ground.
They want to be recognized for their creativity and for the quality of their
work.
People are looking in the communities for a re-encounter with linkania.
This process is particularly important in Brazil. We have na antropophagic
tradition,
that is totally coherent with the hacker culture, melting elements of different
origins
in creative products. We are historically peripheric. And the edge is the
centre. It
lives from "mutir=E3o", it breaths collaboration. Collaboration is always a =
survival strategy here. What would be of this country if not for the kindness
between
people playing on the same misery team, the now called "exclu=EDdos". Excluded
from
the access to the technological tools = which allowed the elites to take hold
of the
cultural and artistic patrimony of humanity and transform it in private
property, for
the benefit of a few.But not excluded from the culture of collaboration, of
creativity and of survival.
People want to be happy.
The digital media makes it possible that "technological" resources = of
creation,
production, transformation and circulation of knowledge and culture be
accessible.
Communities engaged in linkania projects, as the free software and ideas
communities
for instance, are growing and ripening. We are testing alternatives for the
creation of
a decentralized communication, independent and aimed to the sides.
The message is linked. It is in the sites, in the blogs, reverberating in
e-mails that
we exchange daily. The message is in the web. And it can be processed in any of
the
ends. What's needed is only to copy a link, download the documents, join the
pieces.
It's up to the people at the different ends, of and in the process, to
transform a
digital file in analogic content. The medium, as such, isn't the message
anymore. It's
the living voice of each person. An example of project of this kind is given by
the
Novae 14 magazine in the campaign for digital billboards. Any reader can create
and
reverberate his message in the web. But there are many others happening even
now, while
you read this text.
Does it seem complex? It is not so. Linkania is the expression of the
engagement of
people in networks. A generous exchange of links that catalyzes conversation,
incites
and solidifies the engagement. The web is made by knots. Knots linked one to
another.
It is the power of links. To link, to link and to be linked. To live, to think,
to do.
We are facing the future. And in order to potentialize our hopes in a better
world we
have to believe. Believe in the vital illusion of virtuality, which extrapolates
reality. Believe in the ludic as existential strategy. For, as said by Oscar
Wilde,
"life is too = serious a thing to be taken so seriously."
Hernani Dimantas
www.marketinghacker.com.br
---
Notes:
1 WILSON, Edward, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
http://www.2think.org/hii/wilson.shtml
2 Heidegger, Martin - What's philosophy
http://www.heidegger.hpg.ig.com.br/que_e_isto.htm
3 Hacker reference of code cleaning
4 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The Linkania and the
Religare
http://www.novae.inf.br/estraviz/linkania.html
5 NEGRI, Toni, Pour une d=C8finition ontologique de la multitude
http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=3D29
6 DIMANTAS, Hernani (2003) , Marketing Hacker - a revoluio dos
mercados, Editora Garamond, pag 118-119
7 RUIZ, Osvaldo Lupez, Manuel Castells e a "era da informaio"
http://www.comciencia.br/reportagens/internet/frameset/net16.htm
8 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The Linkania and the
Religare
http://www.novae.inf.br/estraviz/linkania.html
PS: Mutiro means when the poor people organise themselves in
collaboration teams in order to build infrastructure to their survival.
9 BICARATO, Paulo, PalAVr@s LivRes - Free W@rds
http://www.novae.inf.br/bicarato/livres.htm
10 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare
11 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The linkania and the
religare
12 The very first conversation about the Midia Tatica Brasil
organisation has been taken on the Projeto Met=B7fora mailing list
[http://www.projetometafora.org]
13 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, A periferia e o centro - the edge is the center
http://www.novae.inf.br/mundopop/periferiacentro.html
14 http://www.novaeconomia.inf.br/outdoor/
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Re: Happy Birthday: Ten Years After
even better would be to not move at all and to meet the other nettimers in
their current location. the list is truly distributed (geographically) and I
am sure that many members have crossed paths on the ether, not knowing that
they shop in the same supermarket. also, in that way the money for flight
tickets could be invested into a better bottle of wine, globally ...
h
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Hernani Dimantas: Linkania--the Hyperconected Multitude [u]
From: Hernani Dimantas <hdimantas-Re5JQEeQqe8AvxtiuMwx3w@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
(posted to nettime with the permission of the author. /geert)
Linkania - The Hyperconected Multitude
By Hernani Dimantas
"I link therefore I'm." Edward Wilson 1
Thinking of citizenship in the web society is increasingly complex.
How do chaos and order fit together in a concept that puts the individual in
possession
of the civil and politic of a State. Individual is an eroded word. A human
being cannot
be seen as indivisible. In a modern society people are multifaceted and are
able to
live many lives in a single one. Schizophreny blooms in this society mediated
by the
digital.
Heidegger asks: What is this -- philosophy?, and says:
"We talk about philosophy. Questioning this way we remain somewhere over
philosophy,
and this means outside it. However, the point of our question is to get inside
philosophy, to remain there, to submit our behaviour to its laws, that means
,"to
philosophize". The course of our discussion must therefore have not only a well
defined direction, but this direction has to, at the same time, assure to us
that we
are moving in the realm of philosophy, and not outside and around it. The
course of our
discussion must therefore be of that kind and direction so that what philosophy
handles
touches our responsibility, touches us, exactly in our being." 2
In the same manner as to philosophize we have to take part, to live in the web
we have
to "brush up the bits" 3 from the inside outwards. In the same manner that
people, mass or State are empty and excluding words, citizenship is a term that
assumes
a look from the outside. Our goal is to enter citizenship. The idea is to take
part, or
"citizenize". I want, however, to go a little beyond this concept.
My reference is linkania. A movement of self-organization of chaos. Linkania is
an
idea, an insertion in the world of ideas and things. Marcelo Estraviz says:
"...I'm getting tired of the empty speech about this citizenship. Empty because
it
does mean almost nothing, but it's pretty to say. Citizenship, in its essence,
is
entailed (linked?) to rights and obligations. Instead of talking and fully
exercise
this, discuss, spread, we talk of the vague terminology of citizenship." 4
The concept of citizenship is being emptied in the critic. Many activists
against mass
media sit at night on their couches and enjoy the colourfull screen pluged on
Rede
Globo. Soap operas of the idle life pass in front of their eyes. We must aim
beyond
tactics. Activism has to go beyond criticism and constitute itself as a thought
action,
starting from a deep understanding of linkania and from a new model of relation
among
people and between people and technologies.
Because linkania has to do with people. I mean people in a more encompassing
form. With
the digital technologies we are perceiving feelings that were not present in our
standard metaphysics. We are probing our singularities (and our
schizophrenias). We
have a crowd inside each person. Linkania makes the bonds for auto-organization.
Therefore, linkania is opposed to the Hegelian idea of citizenship. Linkania is
immanent. It is connected to people.
Toni Negri gives an interesting insight:
"Against all avatars of the transcendence of the sovereign power (and nominally
that of
the "sovereign people"), the concept of the = mutitude is one of immanence: a
revolutionary monster of the non-representable singularities, it begins with
the idea
that any body is a crowd in itself, and consequently, the expression and
cooperation.
It's in the same manner a class concept, subject of the production and subject
to
exploration, this being defined as exploration of the cooperation of
singularities, a
materialistic dispositive of the multitude can only start from a prioritary
taking of
the body and from the struggle against its exploration." 5
In this sense the internet brings novelty. It lets us perceive these
singularities and
understand that this monstrous multitude potencializes the debate. It lets us
understand that power tends to decentralization. The catalysis of collaboration
is not
a case under development. It is a virtual reality. Collaboration is a process
that
wasn't born with the computer. It's in people's mouth, rounding the dusty
asphalt of
the outskirts.
Linux was born, has grown up, ripened and, now, reaches the technological
orgasm.
Breaking the logic of "market share" is the apex of pleasure for the hacker
communities. But I don't want to restrain myself to Linux. I've been saying
that Linux
is only the tip of the iceberg in this knowledge revolution. The free software
communities are the model for a possible collaboration society. It was the
developers
that broke the barrier and superposed themselves over the dogmas of the
industrial era.
But software is only a tool. In a collaboration society a digital ecology must
prevail.
Collaboration demands generosity.
There is no collaboration without generosity. Collaboration is not a help.
Nothing to
do with "don't give the fish, teach how to fish". = It has to do with common
interest projects. It's an incentive for the search for relevant information.
For those
who don't "brush up the markets" will not get to understand that the world is
more
collective.
However, this collective does not destroy the individual.6 We are living in a
collective of individualities. In the web we can perceive the power of
individual
publications. Publishing texts and ideas, at low cost, and the engagement of
people
united through the blogs, bulletin boards, home pages and forums signs to a
differential. The sum of singularities in collaboration shapes the
collaborative group.
In this process the ideas sparkle. Conversations are asynchronous and join
people, they
create communities that overlap, interact, intersect and build themselves.
Internet has
already broken the elitism of information. And has also decentralized fame.
Unlike what
occurs in mass communication, with internet the world becomes without "heroes".
In the web, being is being seen. Blogs, the same as their publishers, exist to
be seen.
Without celebrities and Olympians, no emissors nor receptors. We all are just
people in
cyberspace.
To live in this network we have to understand this new dynamic. We have to
perceive
ourselves as people in a process. One of the ideas virtuality puts upside-down
is
identity. The resources allow the existence of many "me", turned real. Those
"me" depend on a = socially constructed repertoire.
Social networks
What is the novelty of a social network culture? Fundamentally, there is
nothing new,
we live in networks since ever. The network is the standard configuration of
the human
being along history. However, during the last two decades, the concept of
network has
been used as an alternative organization that allows answers to a series of
demands for
flexibility, connectivity and decentralization of social activity. With the
communication and interaction technologies, networks begin to facilitate contact
through distance in real time. They motivate and potentialize conversation.
Reconduct
communication to a organizational systems logic able to unite people and
institutions
in a decentralized and participative form.
Capitalism, albeit dominant, cannot sustain itself anymore. Its main
foundations,
economy, the paradigm of bureaucratic ethics and mass culture, are in crisis.
The
crisis is a cue that a new order is urgently necessary, a re-shaping. The 20th.
century
demands, therefore, structural changes in power. It's in this scenario that the
social
networks acquire their importance.
Technology catalyzes people's intelligence: "The revolution of information
technologies acts reshaping the material bases of society and incites the rise
of
informationalism as the material basis of a new society"7. But we cannot ascribe
these changes only to technology. The R(evolution), including the one promoted
by the
internet, has nothing to do with computers. It has to do with people.
Internet makes the blooming of new social and cultural network movements
possible. It
enables the organization of civil society in new forms of conduct and the
return to
human networks after years of domination by machine and bureaucraty networks.
To link, to link and to link
To link for generosity. To link because we have common interests with real
people. To
link has objectives: recover the lost voice, to seek in the digital interlines
for a
hope lapse, a more human humanity. Linkania is the collaborative evolution. To
link, to
link and to link.:
this is the motto of the new world.
Linkania... is citizenship without cities. It's un-territorialized. The action
is
local, but the connection is global. It's the friend's link, the neighbour's.
It's the
cue. It's bussines between two companies in different continents. It's the help
given
by your cousin from Madrid by e-mail. It's the discussion flowing in the forum
to visit
some exposition, and the link to the exposition, that somebody prints and pins
on the
nursery mural. All this are links. It's the text by some blogger that makes you
think.
It's the valious discovery by the jobless who visits an infocentre and
registers for a
government programme that sends him to a job. And it was a hint by a neighbour,
he gave
the link.8
Conversation in the internet is very different from that done live, face to
face.
Presently, for instance, thousands of people, and thousands of Brazilians among
them,
are using the blog as a conversation and decentralized information tool. One of
the
more immediate consequences of this conversation falls on journalism. Why read
Jos=E9
Sim=E3o? I can read Cora R=F3nai's blog [http://cora.blogspot.com]. Why do I
need to
read news about cinema in the Folha de S.Paulo? Nemo Nox has already done the
critique
in burburinho [http://www.burburinho.com]. Why wait for the analysis about the
planet's
situation in the Estad=E3o? NovaE [http://www.novae.inf.br] does it every week.
There
are so many alternatives to know what's happening through the world that the
traditional press is losing, step by step, its power and its place as "opinion
shaper". Individually = most of the blogs do not add anything, at least for the
unconnected majority. But, for those who believe in the making of a reputation,
blogs
are agregant, powerfull, impactant, they are an important novelty. They exist
in the
agreement between people, in the kindness of a hyperlink. They extrapolate
concepts,
thoughts, missions, campaigns and disputes.
Paulo Bicarato makes an interesting analysis on the reach of the blog
phenomenon:
"(...)there are still some annalists that surprise me with their miopy:
speaking of
blogs, they question the number of accesses, for instance, along with other
characteristics which have only and exclusive commercial interest. But blogs
don't have
any commercial interest, in principle. In some cases they can even give origin
to some
project with commercial outcome, but then they cease to be blogs. The personal
voice of
each one, reverberating through the web, is what characterizes this
effectivation of
the expression liberty. And every one of us has something to say." 9
I agree with Bicarato, albeit I don't make this distinction between commercial
and
non-commercial. This rancour is outdated. I do rather make reference to the
amateur
work, or of those who love what they do.
Blog has much more to do with lust, with the urge to protagonize one's own
life. Blog
is about decentralized conversation. And decentralization sends to the process
of
linkania.
In spite of all this, the concept of linkania is not to be confounded with the
blogger
neighbourhood, nor with social softwares. Linkania is not a list of links.
Linkania is
the kindness to link. It's the act, the pleasure, the love of seeking in
collaboration
a new way to produce and to be happy. To understand oneself as a link. Linkania
is
about the hyperconnected multitude. So, it is not fitting to think of cities as
the
space par excelence of sociability and culture.
The Religare
Estraviz stands upon the importance of religare:
"While linkania is a word of the future, religare is a word of the past. It's
whence
the word religion originated. I like religare more. A much more beautiful word.
Because
it does not imply creeds, rituals or institutions. Does not imply faithful or
unfaithful. Fundamentally it implies re-connect-oneself. With life, with the
world,
with the All. And with your neighbour." 10
We are eager to live this time of changes. We believe in a better world. In the
potentialization of connection and in a planetary consciousness. Our popular
poet
Gentileza (kindness) says: Kindness leads to kindness. Sharing of interests and
the
care for others makes us more human. Religare is so simple: an act of
generosity.
Religare is happening for us, who have internet. We are "digitally included", we
are in bunkers in our cities, we exercise (or not) a pretense citizenship. We
are in
the "RE" phase of re-ligare. Poverty was always in the "ligare". It was their
only choice. Among them fraternity happened for survival and with naturality.
That's
why they stay alive, because they help each other. We don't help them since we
disconnected from them, when we dehumanized them. What lacks then? Time. The
time for
the new generation to grow while the poor's children grow connected in their
schools
and neighbourhood associations. In the web without hierarchies and compromises,
things
will happen. 11
Religare is about a new paradigm, with a non-religious spirituality. The
possibility of
breaking the chains that make us lesser.
The edge is the centre. During the preparatives for the event Midia T=E1tica
Brasil
[http://midiatatica.org], which start was given in the metaphorical debates, 12
we
incorporated the idea that the edge is the centre. 13 Based on this idea, we
propose
possibilities for low earning people living at the outskirts to amplify their
voices.
They have telecentres, they have monitors, they are provided with progressist
public
policies that have as an objective the creation of the physical structure. That
means,
the installation of connected communitary centres. Things being so, even if the
access
is still restrict, we are working for the possibility of exercising linkania.
And so,
to link is to reach for inclusion.
Digital tropicalism
Music, images and texts are being spread in a free manner and in a never seen
amount.
But there remains an open question about how to create a mean to reward for all
this
creativity.
We don't have answers, we have ideas. I believe that these people, even having
remuneration as a final goal, are trying to get a firm hold, to step on hard
ground.
They want to be recognized for their creativity and for the quality of their
work.
People are looking in the communities for a re-encounter with linkania.
This process is particularly important in Brazil. We have na antropophagic
tradition,
that is totally coherent with the hacker culture, melting elements of different
origins
in creative products. We are historically peripheric. And the edge is the
centre. It
lives from "mutir=E3o", it breaths collaboration. Collaboration is always a =
survival strategy here. What would be of this country if not for the kindness
between
people playing on the same misery team, the now called "exclu=EDdos". Excluded
from
the access to the technological tools = which allowed the elites to take hold
of the
cultural and artistic patrimony of humanity and transform it in private
property, for
the benefit of a few.But not excluded from the culture of collaboration, of
creativity and of survival.
People want to be happy.
The digital media makes it possible that "technological" resources = of
creation,
production, transformation and circulation of knowledge and culture be
accessible.
Communities engaged in linkania projects, as the free software and ideas
communities
for instance, are growing and ripening. We are testing alternatives for the
creation of
a decentralized communication, independent and aimed to the sides.
The message is linked. It is in the sites, in the blogs, reverberating in
e-mails that
we exchange daily. The message is in the web. And it can be processed in any of
the
ends. What's needed is only to copy a link, download the documents, join the
pieces.
It's up to the people at the different ends, of and in the process, to
transform a
digital file in analogic content. The medium, as such, isn't the message
anymore. It's
the living voice of each person. An example of project of this kind is given by
the
Novae 14 magazine in the campaign for digital billboards. Any reader can create
and
reverberate his message in the web. But there are many others happening even
now, while
you read this text.
Does it seem complex? It is not so. Linkania is the expression of the
engagement of
people in networks. A generous exchange of links that catalyzes conversation,
incites
and solidifies the engagement. The web is made by knots. Knots linked one to
another.
It is the power of links. To link, to link and to be linked. To live, to think,
to do.
We are facing the future. And in order to potentialize our hopes in a better
world we
have to believe. Believe in the vital illusion of virtuality, which extrapolates
reality. Believe in the ludic as existential strategy. For, as said by Oscar
Wilde,
"life is too = serious a thing to be taken so seriously."
Hernani Dimantas
www.marketinghacker.com.br
---
Notes:
1 WILSON, Edward, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
http://www.2think.org/hii/wilson.shtml
2 Heidegger, Martin - What's philosophy
http://www.heidegger.hpg.ig.com.br/que_e_isto.htm
3 Hacker reference of code cleaning
4 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The Linkania and the
Religare
http://www.novae.inf.br/estraviz/linkania.html
5 NEGRI, Toni, Pour une d=C8finition ontologique de la multitude
http://multitudes.samizdat.net/article.php3?id_article=3D29
6 DIMANTAS, Hernani (2003) , Marketing Hacker - a revoluio dos
mercados, Editora Garamond, pag 118-119
7 RUIZ, Osvaldo Lupez, Manuel Castells e a "era da informaio"
http://www.comciencia.br/reportagens/internet/frameset/net16.htm
8 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The Linkania and the
Religare
http://www.novae.inf.br/estraviz/linkania.html
PS: Mutiro means when the poor people organise themselves in
collaboration teams in order to build infrastructure to their survival.
9 BICARATO, Paulo, PalAVr@s LivRes - Free W@rds
http://www.novae.inf.br/bicarato/livres.htm
10 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare
11 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, Linkania e Religare - The linkania and the
religare
12 The very first conversation about the Midia Tatica Brasil
organisation has been taken on the Projeto Met=B7fora mailing list
[http://www.projetometafora.org]
13 ESTRAVIZ, Marcelo, A periferia e o centro - the edge is the center
http://www.novae.inf.br/mundopop/periferiacentro.html
14 http://www.novaeconomia.inf.br/outdoor/
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my website suddenly got popular, and now I have to pay
[subject line changed from 'Subject: nettime-l-digest V1 #1340' @ nettime]
I'm wondering if any folks have had experience with this, fighting this
type of policy, or what rights - if any - I have in refusing to pay or this
policy... I've included my letter below.
Dear Rhizome-
I signed up for your starter plan (w/ Broadspire) some time ago -
usemenow.com. While I was out of town this past weekend my website
suddenly became all the rage, thru various link depots, and my Traffic
jumped to stratospheric proportions. In that time Broadspire did not take
the site down - seeing as my bandwidth had been egregiously exceeded - but
instead decided to take it upon themselves to keep the site up - at a cost
to me of over 700 dollars. Obviously I cannot afford this, being that I am
not a commercial site, I would have never requested to keep it up at those
traffic levels. Nor would I ever agree to exceed my bandwidth by that much
- the most telling proof is the fact that my plan is the cheapest plan
available, which allows for 1gb of traffic a month. I got in total, 290gb
in 4 days. In my past experience with webhosts, these kind of numbers are
a red flag, and they pull the plug and throw up a 'bandwidth exceeded'
error message, but not Broadspire. They only pulled it when they attempted
to charge my credit card over 718 dollars. I need to know what, if any,
legalities you had in your relationship with Broadspire as they are
refusing to communicate their policy on bandwidth overages. If indeed
Broadspire's legal contract is to charge overages without consent from the
owner, I would sincerely reconsider your relationship with Broadspire, and
at the least, let your hosted folks know about this. It is unacceptable
business policy.
Yours,
Jd Marston
----- End forwarded message -----
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