[no subject]: msg#00000 culture.discuss.cia-drugs

Original article by Dr. Federico Fasano Mertens, editor of La República del
Uruguay:
http://www.diariolarepublica.com/2003/3marzo/especiales/separata_20030330.htm

---------------------------------

Reply from the editor of La República del Uruguay to the US ambassador there,
Martin Silverstein, who complained about the comparisons the newspaper had
drawn between Hitler and Bush.
---------------------------------

A few days ago I received a letter from Martin Silverstein, the US ambassador
to Uruguay, accusing La República, a publication which I am honoured to edit,
of "totally lacking any sense of journalistic integrity" by comparing George
Bush, the president of his country, to Adolf Hitler, the chancellor of the
Third Reich.

I have been unable to reply to him any sooner because the act of piracy which
his country has committed, attacking a defenceless and close to disarmed
country with the most formidable killing machine that the history of the world
has ever known, has forced me to devote more than the usual amount of time to
publishing special editions on the slaughter. I also found myself taken up by
trying to convict US-trained uniformed torturers who had slandered me, a task
which I have only recently been able to bring to completion.

Not long ago, when the ambassador visited me in my office, I remember saying to
my colleagues that he was the most intelligent, perceptive and witty American
ambassador I had ever met. "At last," I said, "a representative from the empire
with whom you can exchange ideas, without being poisoned by the same tired, old
clichés whenever you attend a meeting."

Unfortunately for the ambassador, however, his wisdom has not spared him the
misfortune of having to represent the forty-third president of his nation,
George Bush Jr.: a paranoid fanatic intoxicated by messianic passions and
dimmer than a slug. A man drunk with power, as he was drunk with alcohol
before?and legally condemned for it on 4 September 1976, for driving drunk at
full speed. Admonished, too, by none other than the evangelist Billy Graham who
told him, "Who are you, to think yourself God?". A militant for the Christian
Right, the Texan, Southern Christian right that is. A racist in love with the
death sentence, especially when it comes to African-Americans. All in all, the
worst US president for over a century, the man who will unleash the greatest
tragedies on his own people. The opposite of Homo Sapiens, the incarnation of
Homo Demens.

And a misogynist, to boot, like any good racist. No one could forget the public
humiliations he has put Laura Bush through. You can well imagine Laura Bush's
embarrassment on hearing her husband's reply when asked by the press why she
wasn't accompanying him on that day, "it's been raining and she's had to sweep
the driveway to our Crawford ranch, we're expecting Jiang Zemin, the president
of China, tomorrow".

His compatriot, the aged writer Kurt Vonnegut did not hesitate in calling him
"the sleaziest, low-comedy, Keystone Cops-style coup d'état leader imaginable".

But let's get to the heart of the matter. Let's leave the US ambassador with
his sad misfortune of having to defend the most delirious resident the White
House has ever known, and me with the honour of trying this man armed only with
words.

The matter at hand is the comparison between Adolf Hitler and George Bush.

There are obvious differences. The first being that the war criminal, the
murderer of the Jewish and Soviet peoples, won a resounding victory in the
German elections, while the war criminal and murderer of the Iraqi people
reached power fraudulently, in the biggest electoral scandal in US history.

>From the theoretical point of view, the comparison between Bush and Hitler is
>correct. The scientists have described Nazism as a terrorist dictatorship of
>corporate expansionism. Bush, by putting himself beyond the law and invading a
>defenceless nation which it had not attacked in order to take over its oil
>wealth, the second largest on the planet, and then stating that other
>oil-producing nations will follow, comes close to the definition of a
>corporate terrorist dictatorship. Even though he may not like to admit it.

George Bush is a Nazi in his genes.

His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman and
one of the proprietors of the Banking Corporation Union. Both companies played
a key role in financing Hitler on his way to power in Germany. On 20 October
1942, the US government ordered the confiscation of Ranking Corporation Union,
owned by Prescott Bush, and in addition seized the Dutch-US Trade Corporation
and Seamless Steel Corporation, both administered by the Bush-Hamman Bank. On
17 November of the same year, Franklin Delano Roosevelt confiscated all assets
of the Silesian American Corporation, again administered by Prescott Bush, for
trading with the enemy. George's great-grandfather, God's warrior, Samuel Bush,
father of the Nazi Prescott Bush, was the right hand man of the steel magnate
Clarence Dillon and the banker Fritz Thyssen, who wrote a book called I Paid
Hitler, joining the German Socialist Wo
rkers Party in 1931.

Should the ambassador have any doubts on the spurious alliance between the Bush
family and Hitler, I would recommend he reads Victor Thorn's splendid essay.
Thorn states: "An important part of the basis for the Bush family fortune was
created by the help it offered Adolf Hitler. The current president of the
United States, as his father (ex-director of the CIA, vice-president and
president), reached the summit of the North-American political hierarchy
because his grandfather, great-grandfather and their political family aided and
abetted the Nazis". This without going into how the Bush family swindled and
embezzled four-and-a-half million dollars from Broward Federal Savings in
Sunrise, Florida, or the fraud of millions of savers at the Silverado Savings
Bank (Denver, Colorado).

A Nazi great-grandfather, a Nazi grandfather, a father who wasn't able to be a
Nazi because Hitler had already killed himself in the ruins of the Chancellery
gardens, though he benefited from the ill-gotten gains of his ancestors.

But let us not condemn our homo demens for his evil genes.

Let us judge him only by his works. And let's compare. Just compare.

How does the ambassador believe that the delirious Austrian corporal reached
the pinnacle of public power? Hitler reached power in clean elections, but then
found that the Constitution of the Weimar Republic placed limits which his
omnipotent desires refused to accept. He then plotted the burning of the
Reichstag and in a single night was anointed the elector of war or peace.

Doesn't this sound familiar, Mr Ambassador?

The criminal demolition of the Twin Towers brought about the same mire as the
burning of the Reichstag. Obviously, I am not about to be so bold as to join
those who accuse the Bush warmongers of having orchestrated the massacre or of
not stopping it when they learnt of its preparation. There is no conclusive
proof for such an outrageous statement, though there are many signs of criminal
negligence and huge suspicion which is only encouraged by strict censorship
that is without precedent in modern US democracy. Some day, when the American
people fully recover their freedom of information and investigate that black
Tuesday morning of September 11, today corralled by a Patriot Act, approved
with the single vote against of a woman, a symbol of national US dignity, we
shall be able to find out why the many tell-tale signs of an impending
large-scale assassination left throughout the country w
ere ignored. We shall be able to learn why the Air Force jets took 80 minutes
to intercept the
hijacked planes, when it was known that the planes were hijacked and heading
for Washington as soon as they took off from Boston and the manual lays down
the procedure for the intervention of the Air Force within 5 minutes of a
hijack.

We will be able to find out why the remains of the presumed plane that hit the
Pentagon were hidden. We shall be able to learn why, according to the
conservative Wall Street Journal, immediately after meeting in Washington with
CIA director George Tenet, the head of the Pakistani secret services arranged
for Islamabad to send one hundred thousand dollars to Mohammed Atta in the US,
the organiser of the New York Twin Towers suicide attack. The suspension of
civil rights by the Patriot Act now prohibits the investigation of this
frightening piece of information. We will finally be able to find out why 15 of
the 21 commandos came from Saudi Arabia, the chief US ally in the Persian Gulf.
There wasn't a single Iraqi onboard those planes. Not even accidentally.

Apart from all the suspicion, there is no doubt that the chaotic forty-third
president of the US, anointed by fraudulent elections, in the middle of an
impressive recession with no end in view, with the lowest initial approval
ratings for a head of state, has moved on to dominate the stage by acquiring
powers inconceivable in a democracy and been crowned the avenging Emperor that
he may cleanse the affront the barbarians had infringed upon his people.

The American Burning of the Reichstag of September 11 gave George Bush the
chance of a lifetime. The worst electoral victory of a US president since 1876
had turned into the best historical opportunity for a warmonger to impose a new
US order on the world.

As in Hitler's case, the first thing he did was to surround himself with a
clique of con artists such as himself, men obsessed with the intimidating power
of force. Like Goering, Goebbels, Himmler, Mengele, or Eichmann, the Texan
president searched for the protective shell of an iron guard, often more
war-like than himself to impede any temptation to doubt, and men of a common
stamp: all oilmen. The vice-president, Dick Cheney, came from Halliburton Oil,
the chief of the Pentagon, Donald Rumsfeld, from Occidental, another oil
company, the National Security Advisor, the spinster Condoleeza Rice, whose
name in Spanish by a twist of fate means "with sweetness", was on Chevron's
board of directors and has oil tankers named after her. Then there's the
Secretary of the Interior, Gale Norton, who is also linked to the oil industry,
as is Bush Sr. with the Carlyle oil group, and the current pres
ident, Bush Jr. with Harkins Oil.

This quintet of death around warrior Bush, a true mafiocracy, as with the
quintet who joined Hitler, were fed on a very special Bible. In this case the
philosophies of Hegel, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, which formed and inflamed
the inventor of the Holocaust of the 20th century, were replaced by less
cultivated specimens who did not posses such an esteemed intellectual lineage,
but who were more useful for the Hitler of the 21st century.

What is the bedtime reading of this gang of warmongers?

More- http://www.amics21.com/911/fasano.html

__________________________________________________
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<DIV> It was Goering the Nazi who said this in 1945, not George
Bush. The difference is that the Nazi said this in German and Bush
says it in English. ... www.amics21.com/911/fasano.html </DIV>
<DIV align=center>
<H1>From Hitler to Bush</H1>
 </DIV>
<DIV>Original article by Dr. Federico Fasano Mertens, editor of La República
del Uruguay:<A
href="http://www.diariolarepublica.com/2003/3marzo/especiales/separata_20030330.htm";>

http://www.diariolarepublica.com/2003/3marzo/especiales/separata_20030330.htm</A> </DIV>
<DIV>
<HR width="60%" noShade SIZE=2>
</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>Reply from the editor of La República
del Uruguay to the US ambassador there, Martin Silverstein, who complained
about the comparisons the newspaper had drawn between Hitler and
Bush.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV>
<HR width="60%" noShade SIZE=2>
</DIV>
<DIV> A few days ago I received a letter from Martin Silverstein, the US
ambassador to Uruguay, accusing La República, a publication which I am honoured
to edit, of "totally lacking any sense of journalistic integrity" by comparing
George Bush, the president of his country, to Adolf Hitler, the chancellor of
the Third Reich. </DIV>
<DIV> I have been unable to reply to him any sooner because the act of
piracy which his country has committed, attacking a defenceless and close to
disarmed country with the most formidable killing machine that the history of
the world has ever known, has forced me to devote more than the usual amount of
time to publishing special editions on the slaughter. I also found myself taken
up by trying to convict US-trained uniformed torturers who had slandered me, a
task which I have only recently been able to bring to completion.</DIV>
<DIV> Not long ago, when the ambassador visited me in my office, I
remember saying to my colleagues that he was the most intelligent, perceptive
and witty American ambassador I had ever met. "At last," I said, "a
representative from the empire with whom you can exchange ideas, without being
poisoned by the same tired, old clichés whenever you attend a meeting."</DIV>
<DIV> Unfortunately for the ambassador, however, his wisdom has not
spared him the misfortune of having to represent the forty-third president of
his nation, George Bush Jr.: a paranoid fanatic intoxicated by messianic
passions and dimmer than a slug. A man drunk with power, as he was drunk with
alcohol before?and legally condemned for it on 4 September 1976, for driving
drunk at full speed. Admonished, too, by none other than the evangelist Billy
Graham who told him, "Who are you, to think yourself God?". A militant for the
Christian Right, the Texan, Southern Christian right that is. A racist in love
with the death sentence, especially when it comes to African-Americans. All in
all, the worst US president for over a century, the man who will unleash the
greatest tragedies on his own people. The opposite of Homo Sapiens, the
incarnation of Homo Demens.</DIV>
<DIV> And a misogynist, to boot, like any good racist. No one could
forget the public humiliations he has put Laura Bush through. You can well
imagine Laura Bush's embarrassment on hearing her husband's reply when asked by
the press why she wasn't accompanying him on that day, "it's been raining and
she's had to sweep the driveway to our Crawford ranch, we're expecting Jiang
Zemin, the president of China, tomorrow".</DIV>
<DIV> His compatriot, the aged writer Kurt Vonnegut did not hesitate in
calling him "the sleaziest, low-comedy, Keystone Cops-style coup d'état leader
imaginable".</DIV>
<DIV> But let's get to the heart of the matter. Let's leave the US
ambassador with his sad misfortune of having to defend the most delirious
resident the White House has ever known, and me with the honour of trying this
man armed only with words.</DIV>
<DIV> The matter at hand is the comparison between Adolf Hitler and
George Bush. There are obvious differences. The first being that the war
criminal, the murderer of the Jewish and Soviet peoples, won a resounding
victory in the German elections, while the war criminal and murderer of the
Iraqi people reached power fraudulently, in the biggest electoral scandal in US
history.</DIV>
<DIV> From the theoretical point of view, the comparison between Bush
and Hitler is correct. The scientists have described Nazism as a terrorist
dictatorship of corporate expansionism. Bush, by putting himself beyond the law
and invading a defenceless nation which it had not attacked in order to take
over its oil wealth, the second largest on the planet, and then stating that
other oil-producing nations will follow, comes close to the definition of a
corporate terrorist dictatorship. Even though he may not like to admit
it. George Bush is a Nazi in his genes. His grandfather, Prescott
Bush, was a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman and one of the proprietors of
the Banking Corporation Union. Both companies played a key role in financing
Hitler on his way to power in Germany. On 20 October 1942, the US government
ordered the confiscation of Ranking Corporation Union, o
wned by Prescott Bush, and in addition seized the Dutch-US Trade Corporation
and Seamless Steel
Corporation, both administered by the Bush-Hamman Bank. On 17 November of the
same year, Franklin Delano Roosevelt confiscated all assets of the Silesian
American Corporation, again administered by Prescott Bush, for trading with the
enemy. George's great-grandfather, God's warrior, Samuel Bush, father of the
Nazi Prescott Bush, was the right hand man of the steel magnate Clarence Dillon
and the banker Fritz Thyssen, who wrote a book called I Paid Hitler, joining
the German Socialist Workers Party in 1931.</DIV>
<DIV> Should the ambassador have any doubts on the spurious alliance
between the Bush family and Hitler, I would recommend he reads Victor Thorn's
splendid essay. Thorn states: "An important part of the basis for the Bush
family fortune was created by the help it offered Adolf Hitler. The current
president of the United States, as his father (ex-director of the CIA,
vice-president and president), reached the summit of the North-American
political hierarchy because his grandfather, great-grandfather and their
political family aided and abetted the Nazis". This without going into how the
Bush family swindled and embezzled four-and-a-half million dollars from Broward
Federal Savings in Sunrise, Florida, or the fraud of millions of savers at the
Silverado Savings Bank (Denver, Colorado).</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> A Nazi great-grandfather, a Nazi grandfather, a father who wasn't
able to be a Nazi because Hitler had already killed himself in the ruins of the
Chancellery gardens, though he benefited from the ill-gotten gains of his
ancestors.</DIV>
<DIV> But let us not condemn our homo demens for his evil
genes. Let us judge him only by his works. And let's compare. Just
compare.</DIV>
<DIV> How does the ambassador believe that the delirious Austrian
corporal reached the pinnacle of public power? Hitler reached power in clean
elections, but then found that the Constitution of the Weimar Republic placed
limits which his omnipotent desires refused to accept. He then plotted the
burning of the Reichstag and in a single night was anointed the elector of war
or peace.</DIV>
<DIV> Doesn't this sound familiar, Mr Ambassador? </DIV>
<DIV> The criminal demolition of the Twin Towers brought about the same mire
as the burning of the Reichstag. Obviously, I am not about to be so bold as to
join those who accuse the Bush warmongers of having orchestrated the massacre
or of not stopping it when they learnt of its preparation. There is no
conclusive proof for such an outrageous statement, though there are many signs
of criminal negligence and huge suspicion which is only encouraged by strict
censorship that is without precedent in modern US democracy. Some day, when the
American people fully recover their freedom of information and investigate that
black Tuesday morning of September 11, today corralled by a Patriot Act,
approved with the single vote against of a woman, a symbol of national US
dignity, we shall be able to find out why the many tell-tale signs of an
impending large-scale assassination left throughout the
country were ignored. We shall be able to learn why the Air Force jets took 80
minutes to
intercept the hijacked planes, when it was known that the planes were hijacked
and heading for Washington as soon as they took off from Boston and the manual
lays down the procedure for the intervention of the Air Force within 5 minutes
of a hijack.</DIV>
<DIV> We will be able to find out why the remains of the presumed plane
that hit the Pentagon were hidden. We shall be able to learn why, according to
the conservative Wall Street Journal, immediately after meeting in Washington
with CIA director George Tenet, the head of the Pakistani secret services
arranged for Islamabad to send one hundred thousand dollars to Mohammed Atta in
the US, the organiser of the New York Twin Towers suicide attack. The
suspension of civil rights by the Patriot Act now prohibits the investigation
of this frightening piece of information. We will finally be able to find out
why 15 of the 21 commandos came from Saudi Arabia, the chief US ally in the
Persian Gulf. There wasn't a single Iraqi onboard those planes. Not even
accidentally.</DIV>
<DIV> Apart from all the suspicion, there is no doubt that the chaotic
forty-third president of the US, anointed by fraudulent elections, in the
middle of an impressive recession with no end in view, with the lowest initial
approval ratings for a head of state, has moved on to dominate the stage by
acquiring powers inconceivable in a democracy and been crowned the avenging
Emperor that he may cleanse the affront the barbarians had infringed upon his
people.</DIV>
<DIV> The American Burning of the Reichstag of September 11 gave George
Bush the chance of a lifetime. The worst electoral victory of a US president
since 1876 had turned into the best historical opportunity for a warmonger to
impose a new US order on the world. </DIV>
<DIV> As in Hitler's case, the first thing he did was to surround himself
with a clique of con artists such as himself, men obsessed with the
intimidating power of force. Like Goering, Goebbels, Himmler, Mengele, or
Eichmann, the Texan president searched for the protective shell of an iron
guard, often more war-like than himself to impede any temptation to doubt, and
men of a common stamp: all oilmen. The vice-president, Dick Cheney, came from
Halliburton Oil, the chief of the Pentagon, Donald Rumsfeld, from Occidental,
another oil company, the National Security Advisor, the spinster Condoleeza
Rice, whose name in Spanish by a twist of fate means "with sweetness", was on
Chevron's board of directors and has oil tankers named after her. Then there's
the Secretary of the Interior, Gale Norton, who is also linked to the oil
industry, as is Bush Sr. with the Carlyle oil group, and the cur
rent president, Bush Jr. with Harkins Oil.</DIV>
<DIV> This quintet of death around warrior Bush, a true mafiocracy, as
with the quintet who joined Hitler, were fed on a very special Bible. In this
case the philosophies of Hegel, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, which formed and
inflamed the inventor of the Holocaust of the 20th century, were replaced by
less cultivated specimens who did not posses such an esteemed intellectual
lineage, but who were more useful for the Hitler of the 21st century.</DIV>
<DIV> What is the bedtime reading of this gang of warmongers?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>More- <A
href="http://www.amics21.com/911/fasano.html";>http://www.amics21.com/911/fasano.html</A></DIV>__________________________________________________ Do
You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
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From a Biblical point of view, powerful and ancient entities are behind the
revival of paganism. In the air above and the earth beneath are nefarious
progenitors of esoteric mysticism. ?Demons? to some and ?gods? to others, such
forces have numerous titles. They can appear in hideous forms or as beautiful
angels of light. They are the ?wicked spirits? (poneria: the collective body of
demon soldiers comprising Satan?s hordes), ?rulers of darkness? (kosmokrators:
governing spirits of darkness), ?powers? (exousia: high ranking powers of
evil), and ?principalities? (arche: commanding generals over Satan?s fallen
army) of Ephesians 6:12. As the "gods and goddesses" of the underworld, they
live today and encourage mysticism among pagans, witches, New Agers and even
church-goers in at least the following ways:

Aphrodite?sensuality, fertility rites, wiccan rituals, sacred
prostitution.
Amun-Ra?masturbation, self realization, environmentalism, Darwinism.
Apis?animal worship, animal rights, animal channeling, occultianity.
Apollo?humanism, oracles, channeling, psychics, drugs, visualization.
Artemis?goddess worship, animal worship, animal rights, lesbianism.
Asclepius?holistic medicine, psychic dreaming, spirit-guide animals.
Athene?goddess worship, feminism, the spirituality movement,
lesbianism.
Baal?oracles, polytheism, abortion, fertility issues.
Demeter?environmental education, earth worship, goddess worship.
Dionysus?drunkeness, freudianism, ecstasy, pornography, lesbianism,
abortion.
Eros?eroticism, mystic sex, body worship, body piercing, sacred
prostitution.
Gaia?earth worship, environmentalism, paganism, pantheism, sweat
lodges.
Geb?environmental movement, animal rights, eco-paganism.

Hades?devil worship, occultism, spiritism, necromancy.
Hathor?goddess worship, earth worship, animal rights, animal worship.
Hecate?witchcraft, necromancy, crystals, spells, druidism, feminism.
Heka?mysticism, demonism, animal rights, environmentalism.
Hypnos?hypnotism, psychic dreaming, prognostication, e.s.p.,
clairvoyance.
Imhoteb?mystic healing, animal dancing, holistic medicine, vision
quests.
Isis?wicca, witchcraft, goddess worship, magic, channeling,
visualization.
Min and Qetesh?fertility rites, body worship, sensuality, pornography.
Osiris?occultianity, necromancy, anthropomorphism, occultism,
spiritism.
Persephone?animism, zoroastrianism, dualism, magic, necromancy.
Ptah?universalism, pantheism, mysticism, holistic medicine.
Sekhmet?environmentalism, mystic medicine, animal worship.
Seth?homosexuality, rebellion, earth worship, environmental movement.
Vatchit?devil worship, channeling, trancing, visualization, necromancy.
Zeus?satanism, transexualism, pantheism, oracles, animal worship.

By whatever names they may otherwise be called, the underworld spirits elevated
in the Burning Man and Occulture festivals are gathering the combined efforts
of the kingdom of Satan toward a conspiracy of apocalyptic proportions. As a
consequence, we are experiencing an unprecedented pagan revival at a time when
the United States and Britain are considered the most advanced economic and
technological powers in the world.
Where will the revival of paganism lead?

More- http://www.raidersnewsupdate.com/burningnew.htm

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<DIV>Burning Man Just One of the Signs the Occult
Is Sweeping the Globe</DIV>
<DIV> By Thomas Horn for Cutting Edge Magazine RNU
News Sr. Reporter</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
Esoteric festivals with crowds in the tens of
thousands are growing in popularity
BLACK ROCK CITY, Nevada -- Across the sea in the UK,
Brighton proudly wears the title these days of 'Capital of Occulture.' This
year's Occulture festivities exhibited bigger than ever venues - sacred music
and dance, clarivoyance, psychic and tarot readers, chakra, traditional
witchcraft, tatooing, piercing, fetish satanism, shamanism, transcendent
techniques, and lectures favoring paganism from the original Book of
Shadows.
 
And then there was the 'Pleasure Dome" where
magicians, sorcerers and witches discussed their trade, including Mogg Morgon,
founder of the Golden Dawn Occult Society, Ralph Harvey, a prominent Wiccan
High Priest, and Emrys, a Shaman of the Cromlech Covenant.
On the heels of this in the U.S., Burning Man 2004
has grown to become the largest ever, surpassing last year's 33,000
participants as the number of earth-worshipping pagans swell the ranks of
party-goers from across Canada, Brazil, Germany, Russia, and 25 other countries
to an isolated corner of Black Rock Desert in Nevada.
 
As in the past, this year's clothing-optional
Burning Man offers a no-holds-barred "Woodstock" style festival where
neo-pagans, wiccans, transvestitie entertainers, curiosity seekers, and old
hippies can go to trance, perform rituals, burn sacrifices to deities,
fornicate, and otherwise "express" themselves freely.
The 40-foot-high effigy Burning Man (the "Spirit
Cave Man"-- sacred to local Indians and New Agers) will be torched as usual
together with just about everything else at the close of the festivity.
 
UNDERSTANDING THE OCCULT FIRES
PHENOMENON
The spirit of the occult has existed since the
beginning of time. Like an insidious cancer?unseen, patient, deadly?it has
grown.  Indications of its presence have been felt occasionally, and
confirmations of its actuality have been documented from Brighton to Washington
D.C.
 
As we approach the culmination of the ?new order of
the ages,? cult experts forecast a continuing revival of such mysticism. While
church attendance continues to decline across the United States and Britain,
adherents of the occult expand their "services" to meet the desires and
mystical interests of a spiritually hungry world. 
New Age expert Judy Vorfeld says, ?Dabbling in the
realm of the occult is currently stylish.  Even some Christians seem
unable to avoid the attraction of this colorful, seductive world.?
 
She's right. From Burning Man festivals to public
school Environmental Education to faddish television good-guys and bad-girls,
today?s generation is lapping up as much New Age Occultianity as they can get
their hands on. Whether it's comic book heroes that teach youth the dangerous
Persephonian idea that a person can be in league with the devil and still be a
good person, or the syncretistic goals of the Occulture Festival and Burning
Man, the glowing fire of pagan revival can no longer be denied. 
 
THE REAL BURNING MAN
From a Biblical point of view, powerful and ancient
entities are behind the revival of paganism. In the air above and the earth
beneath are nefarious progenitors of esoteric mysticism. ?Demons? to some and
?gods? to others, such forces have numerous titles. They can appear in hideous
forms or as beautiful angels of light. They are the ?wicked spirits? (poneria:
the collective body of demon soldiers comprising Satan?s hordes), ?rulers of
darkness? (kosmokrators: governing spirits of darkness), ?powers? (exousia:
high ranking powers of evil), and ?principalities? (arche: commanding generals
over Satan?s fallen army) of Ephesians 6:12. As the "gods and goddesses" of the
underworld, they live today and encourage mysticism among pagans, witches, New
Agers and even church-goers in at least the following ways:
 
<UL>
<LI>     Aphrodite?sensuality,
fertility rites, wiccan rituals, sacred prostitution. 
<LI>     Amun-Ra?masturbation, self
realization, environmentalism, Darwinism.
<LI>     Apis?animal worship,
animal rights, animal channeling, occultianity.
<LI>     Apollo?humanism, oracles,
channeling, psychics, drugs, visualization.
<LI>     Artemis?goddess worship,
animal worship, animal rights, lesbianism.
<LI>     Asclepius?holistic
medicine, psychic dreaming, spirit-guide animals.
<LI>     Athene?goddess worship,
feminism, the spirituality movement, lesbianism.
<LI>     Baal?oracles, polytheism,
abortion, fertility issues.
<LI>     Demeter?environmental
education, earth worship, goddess worship.
<LI>     Dionysus?drunkeness,
freudianism, ecstasy, pornography, lesbianism, abortion.
<LI>     Eros?eroticism, mystic
sex, body worship, body piercing, sacred prostitution.
<LI>     Gaia?earth worship,
environmentalism, paganism, pantheism, sweat lodges.
<LI>     Geb?environmental
movement, animal rights, eco-paganism.
<LI>
<LI>     Hades?devil worship,
occultism, spiritism, necromancy.
<LI>     Hathor?goddess worship,
earth worship, animal rights, animal worship.
<LI>     Hecate?witchcraft,
necromancy, crystals, spells, druidism, feminism.
<LI>     Heka?mysticism, demonism,
animal rights, environmentalism.
<LI>     Hypnos?hypnotism, psychic
dreaming, prognostication, e.s.p., clairvoyance.
<LI>     Imhoteb?mystic healing,
animal dancing, holistic medicine, vision quests.
<LI>     Isis?wicca, witchcraft,
goddess worship, magic, channeling, visualization.
<LI>     Min and Qetesh?fertility
rites, body worship, sensuality, pornography.
<LI>     Osiris?occultianity,
necromancy, anthropomorphism, occultism, spiritism.
<LI>     Persephone?animism,
zoroastrianism, dualism, magic, necromancy.
<LI>     Ptah?universalism,
pantheism, mysticism, holistic medicine.
<LI>     Sekhmet?environmentalism,
mystic medicine, animal worship.
<LI>     Seth?homosexuality,
rebellion, earth worship, environmental movement.
<LI>     Vatchit?devil worship,
channeling, trancing, visualization, necromancy.
<LI>     Zeus?satanism,
transexualism, pantheism, oracles, animal worship. </LI>
<LI></LI></UL>
By whatever names they may otherwise be called, the
underworld spirits elevated in the Burning Man and Occulture festivals are
gathering the combined efforts of the kingdom of Satan toward a conspiracy of
apocalyptic proportions. As a consequence, we are experiencing an unprecedented
pagan revival at a time when the United States and Britain are considered the
most advanced economic and technological powers in the world.
Where will the revival of paganism
lead? 
More- <A
href="http://www.raidersnewsupdate.com/burningnew.htm";>http://www.raidersnewsupdate.com/burningnew.htm</A>
<hr size=1>Discover Yahoo! 
Have fun online with music videos, cool games, IM & more. <a
href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=32660/*http://discover.yahoo.com/online.html";>Check
it out!</a>
 
<tt>
www.ctrl.org 
DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER 
========== 
ctrl is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing
propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance?not soap-boxing?please! 
These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'?with its many half-truths,
mis-directions and outright frauds?is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. 
That being said, ctrl gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always
suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. ctrl gives no credence to
Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 
 
There are two list running, ctrl@yahoogroups and CTRL@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
ctrl@yahoogroups has unlimited posting and is more for discussion.
CTRL@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx is more for informational exchange and has limited
posting abilities. 
 
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. 
 
Omimited posting abilities. 
 
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. 
 
Om</tt>
 

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From Rep. John Conyers=20
www.johnconyers.com <http://www.johnconyers.com>=20

"Hold Bush Accountable If He Lied About Iraq"=20
By Mark Dunlea (Green Party of New York State)=20
The Albany Times Union, July 9, 2003=20
www.commondreams.org/views03/0709-04.htm<http://www.commondreams.org/views0=
3/0709-04.htm>

--=20
The US is: "...a nation of 200 million used-car salesmen with all the money=
=20
we need to buy guns and no qualms about killing anybody else in the world=20
who tries to make us uncomfortable."
-Hunter S. Thompson=20

"Friend, hope for the truth while you are alive. Jump into experience while=
=20
you are alive! What you call "salvation" belongs to the time before death.=
=20
If you don't break your ropes while you are alive, do you think ghosts will=
=20
do it after?"
-Kabir

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Downing St. Memo is Evidence for Bush Impeachment.
 Thursday, June 9, 2005
 
 Contacts:
 Scott
McLarty, Media Coordinator, 202-518-5624, <a href="mailto:mclarty@xxxxxxxxxx";>
mclarty@xxxxxxxxxx</a> Nancy Allen, Media Coordinator, 207-326-4576, <a
href="mailto:nallen@xxxxxxxxxx";>nallen@xxxxxxxxxx</a> 
 The
Downing Street Memo proves that invasion of Iraq wasn't the 'last
resort' but Bush's intent all along, leading to cooked intelligence and
other impeachable offenses; Greens note bipartisan and media complicity
in overlooking evidence of deceit, urge public protest. WASHINGTON,
D.C. -- Green leaders reiterated the party's July 2003 call for
impeachment of Bush, and called on all Americans outraged by the Bush
Administration's list of deceptions, violations of the U.S.
Constitution, the disastrous Iraq occupation, and policies that have
disgraced the U.S. to demand that Congress begin the impeachment
process. "The
invasion and occupation of Iraq has caused the deaths of over 1,600
U.S. military personnel, as well as untold suffering and tens of
thousands of civilian dead in Iraq," said David Cobb, the Green Party's
2004 candidate for President of the United States. "The Downing Street
Memo confirms what we already knew -- that a conspiracy to deceive the
American people led us into the war, and that this conspiracy
constitutes 'high crimes and misdemeanors' according to the U.S.
Constitution." The
Green Party of the United States called for the impeachment of George
W. Bush during the party's 2003 national meeting
<<a
href="http://www.gp.org/press/pr_07_21_03.html";>www.gp.org/press/pr_07_21_03.html</a>>.
Greens have organized and
participated in numerous protests against the war since early 2003, and
have called for an immediate end to the occupation, cancellation of
further war spending, and removal of military recruiters from schools
as U.S. troops continue to face death and injury in Iraq. Greens
praised Rep. John Conyers' (D-Mich.) public demand for an explanation
from President Bush in the wake of Downing Street Memo's publication,
and questioned why so many of the mainstream U.S. media have remained
silent on the content and implications of the memo. But
Greens also called many Democrats as responsible as Republicans for
Iraq policy, having voted in October 2002 to transfer war power to the
President, which created the scenario for White House deceit and abuse
of power, and having recently voted for another $82 billion for the
war. "It
was already apparent, long before the Downing Street Memo, that
President Bush's case for invading Iraq was based on fraud," said
Rebecca Rotzler, co-chair of the Green Party's Peace Action Committee.
"All of the reasons for invasion that Mr. Bush listed in his January
28, 2003 State of the Union address -- Iraqi WMDs, collusion between
Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda, evidence that Saddam had sought nuclear
weapons materials from Africa, nuclear aluminum rods, Iraq's supposed
threat to the U.S. and to other nations -- are now known to be false.
The Downing Street Memo shows that the intelligence supporting an
invasion was fixed, with the complicity of the Bush and Blair
administrations as early as July 2002." Green
Party leaders also noted that Ahmed Chalabi, whose false testimony to
U.S. intelligence officials on Iraqi WMDs formed much of the basis of
the claim that Saddam Hussein was an international threat, is now
serving as interim Iraqi Oil Minister, with the Bush Administration's
approval; and that John Bolton, now under consideration for appointment
as U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., repeatedly manipulated intelligence and
lied to the U.S. media and the U.N. about Iraqi weapons materials. "Americans
should be protesting in every way possible against the continued
occupation of Iraq, and for impeachment of President Bush and Vice
President Cheney," said Jake Schneider, treasurer of the Green Party of
the United States. "But this has also been a bipartisan war all along,
and every Democrat and Republican in Congress who has supported it
despite evidence of deceit from the very beginning also deserves
removal from office." MORE INFORMATION
 
Green Party of the United States <a href="http://www.gp.org";>www.gp.org</a>
 1700
Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 404
 Washington, DC 20009. 202-319-7191, 866-41GREEN 
Fax 202-319-7193 Green Party Peace Action Committee 
<a
href="http://www.gp.org/committees/peace/";>www.gp.org/committees/peace/</a> "The 'I' word"
 By Ralph
Nader and Kevin Zeese The Boston Globe, May 31, 2005 
<a
href="http://boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/31/the_\i_word/";>boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/05/31/the_\i_word/</a>
 
 Letter to Pres
Bush Concerning the "Downing Street Minutes" From Rep. John
Conyers
 <a
href="http://www.johnconyers.com";>www.johnconyers.com</a> 
"Hold Bush Accountable If He Lied About Iraq" By Mark Dunlea
(Green Party of New York State) 
The Albany Times Union, July 9, 2003 <a
href="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0709-04.htm";>www.commondreams.org/views03/0709-04.htm</a> 
 -- The
US is:  "...a nation of 200 million used-car salesmen with
all the money we need to buy guns and no qualms about killing anybody
else in the world who tries to make us uncomfortable." -Hunter S.
Thompson "Friend,
hope for the truth while you are alive.  Jump into experience
while you are alive!  What you call "salvation" belongs to
the time before death.  If you don't break your ropes while
you are alive, do you think ghosts will do it after?" -Kabir 

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--0-1281330125-1118487944=:97604--

From all the articles that you can find below, a single conclusion can be d=
rawn up: the US', through Britain mediation and with the help of the traito=
r Gorbachev, hinders Russia's efforts to modernize its nuclear facilities, =
hence hindering the resumption of the Cold War and so of the peace on this =
planet itself.=20
The fact that Russia's Nuclear Energy Ministry is also involved in the case=
is a big question mark. Is that man a traitor? If he is, then Putin would =
replace him.
Is Putin willing to drop his floating nuclear power station plans? If he is=
, then what has the US provided him with in return? Will the US quit placin=
g orbital interceptors meant to spy Russia and the entire planet?=20
Or is soft Putin willing to cede, as usual, to Gorbachev's mean involvement=
and to Bush SR's daily threats?
I have no clear answer on that.=20
~Vera
Russia's floating nuclear station stuns ecologists
By Helen Womack in Moscow
June 11, 2005

Russian atomic engineers are determined to press ahead with a plan to build=
the world's first floating nuclear power station despite howls of disbelie=
f and horror from environmentalists, who see potential not only for ecologi=
cal catastrophe but also for a terrorist attack at sea.

The board of Russia's atomic energy agency, RosAtom, which met on May 25 to=
give the go-ahead, said it "could become a new direction in the developmen=
t of atomic energy".

A ministry spokesman, Nikolai Shingaryov, told the Herald it would be a ful=
lscale power station and would float on a barge in the White Sea off Severo=
dvinsk in the Archangel region of northern Russian. It should be ready by 2=
010.

"It is absolute madness," said Vladimir Tchuprov of the Russian branch of G=
reenpeace. "We are categorically against it, both on ecological grounds and=
because of the risk of terrorism."

Russia's nuclear planners may well achieve their dream, provided they can f=
ind investors. In 2003, Russia's Atomic Energy Minister, Alexander Rumyants=
ev, and the chairman of China's State Commission for Science, Technology an=
d National Defence Industries, Zhang Yunchuan, began negotiating the terms =
of a $US150 million ($196 million) loan from Beijing.

China and South Korea might well be persuaded to invest if Russia proves it=
has a market in the Third World for the floating stations.=20

When they visited Moscow two years ago, delegations from Indonesia and Indi=
a considered ordering similar power stations, but the two nations are repor=
ted to have cooled to the idea after the Boxing Day tsunami.

The Russians hope the floating nuclear power stations will solve the proble=
m of supplying energy cheaply and easily to communities in remote regions.

Any damage caused would be less than from coal-fired plants, said the newsp=
aper Pravda, noting that 17,000 tonnes of soot fell ever year on the city o=
f Archangel.

The stations, which would be powered by small KLT-40 reactors - similar to =
those used on icebreakers - would be capable of generating 70 megawatts an =
hour, enough to provide heat and light for a medium-sized town.

"We have used atomic icebreakers for years without any problems," said Mr S=
hingaryov. "We understand society's concerns, but there will not be any con=
tamination and the stations will be well guarded. It would be easier for te=
rrorists to attack on land than out at sea."

The environmentalists have yet to be convinced.

Russia's Green Cross, launched by the former Soviet president, Mikhail Gorb=
achev, after the shock of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident, reiterated c=
oncern over the risk of terrorism and objected to official secrecy surround=
ing the project.

Vladimir Slivyak, of Ecodefence, said the dumping of some nuclear waste at =
sea would be inevitable. "[The project] is too crazy to be implemented, eve=
n in a country like Russia," he said.

The Bellona Foundation, which devotes much of its time and resources to mon=
itoring the state of Russia's disintegrating nuclear submarine fleet near t=
he Norwegian border, finds it hard to believe that a new nuclear project is=
being contemplated in roughly the same area.

The floating stations would be "a threat to the Arctic, the world's oceans =
and the whole concept of non-proliferation," it said in a damning report.

Russia will also have to circumvent international nuclear non-proliferation=
rules. Under a 1992 agreement it is banned from selling nuclear technology=
to states that do not submit to international controls

http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Russias-floating-nuclear-station-stuns-eco=
logists/2005/06/10/1118347599337.html?oneclick=3Dtrue

=20

Russia reveals nuclear security threats
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20
UPI - Tuesday, June 07, 2005
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Date: Tuesday, June 07, 2005 11:35:38 AM EST By United Pr=
ess International

MOSCOW, June 7 (UPI) -- Russia's Prosecutor General's Off=
ice revealed numerous security threats to the country's nuclear power plant=
s and is considering checks at power facilities.=20

The Prime-Tass news agency Tuesday reported prosecutors h=
ad opened nine criminal cases of wrongdoing and issued over 100 official wa=
rnings to employees in Russia's nuclear power industry.=20

Speaking at a parliamentary session, deputy prosecutor Vl=
adimir Kolesnikov warned the country's nuclear power plants are susceptible=
to man-made disasters because of aging infrastructure and poor maintenance=
and repair.=20

"The inspection will center on the enforcement of safety =
regulations and law aimed at preventing accidents and industrial disasters,=
" Kolesnikov told a State Duma committee investigating the May blackout in =
Moscow and the surrounding region.

--Copyright 2005 by United Press International.All rights reserved.--=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20

http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story.asp?StoryId=3DCqQuBWeidCNvZC2LHlxbVD2vY=
CgXHBNrZ

=20

Report raises potential for nuclear accident
=20

Saturday, June 11, 2005 Page A15

Moscow -- The abandoned nuclear submarines and waste sites of Russia's nor=
thern fleet are in such a poor state that a nuclear accident cannot be rule=
d out, a British nuclear consultancy said yesterday in a report that breaks=
new ground on a touchy subject for Russia.

=20

The report from Britain's National Nuclear Corporation is notable for havin=
g been written with the co-operation of Russia's Nuclear Energy Ministry, a=
fter years in which the Russian state tried to squelch discussion of the ab=
andoned nuclear submarines and waste sites littering the shores of Russia's=
Barents Sea.

=20

It identifies two sites near northwestern Murmansk province that continue t=
o discharge combustible nuclear waste. AFP

=20

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050611/WOR=
LD11-1/TPInternational/Briefs

=20

Concerns over junked Russian atomic subs
June 11, 2005 - 10:33AM

Page Tools
Russia's scrapped atomic submarines pose a serious nuclear threat, a Britis=
h report published today said, as a leading Russian environmental activist =
praised the country's authorities for "unprecedented" openness in assisting=
the report's authors.

Russia must act to prevent a nuclear accident in north-west Russia's Barent=
s Sea region, home to 118 scrapped nuclear submarines as well as spent nucl=
ear fuel storage sites, said Mark Gerchikov, coordinator of the report from=
British consulting firm National Nuclear Corporation (NNC), funded by the =
60-nation European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

"Certain nuclear installations are in such a state that we cannot exclude a=
chain reaction" leading to a nuclear accident, Gerchikov said at the repor=
t's presentation.

The report is notable for having been written with the cooperation of Russi=
a's nuclear energy ministry, after years in which the Russian state tried t=
o quash discussion of the abandoned nuclear submarines and waste sites litt=
ering the Barents Sea area.

It focuses on two sites in Murmansk province as being of particular concern=
, including the Gremikha naval base, where spent nuclear fuel from Alfa cla=
ss submarines is unloaded.

Radiation levels at the sites are several times higher than recommended lim=
its, yet workers often lack adequate protective clothing, Gerchikov said.

Higher rates of illness noted among children in such areas should be studie=
d in depth, he said.

The 40-page report won ringing endorsement at the presentation from Alexand=
er Nikitin, a former naval officer who spent 11 months in jail on charges o=
f treason and espionage after he published articles about the nuclear threa=
t posed by the northern fleet.

The report is "a real turning point", Nikitin said.

"The atomic energy ministry has for the first time made unprecedented sacri=
fices, publishing secret documents for the first time," Nikitin said.

"This is the first attempt at dialogue with society on this sensitive probl=
em," said Sergei Baranovski, president of the Russian branch of the Green C=
ross, an environmental group set up by former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbach=
ev.

Since 1958 Moscow has constructed 450 naval nuclear reactors. Of these two =
thirds are located in the Barents Sea region, representing 20 per cent of t=
he world's nuclear reactors.

Western countries and the EBRD have long been involved in trying to resolve=
the northern fleet's nuclear problems. In 1999 Britain's then foreign secr=
etary, Robin Cook, paid a visit to Murmansk to highlight the problem.

The EBRD earlier this year launched a tender for carrying out clean-up work=
, to be paid for out of its Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership Su=
pport Fund.

AFP

http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Concerns-over-junked-Russian-atomic-subs/2=
005/06/11/1118347624266.html

=20

Sweden allocates $30 million to Russia's nuclear waste recycling=20

Sweden will help Russia to handle the liquid nuclear waste on the Kola Peni=
nsula.=20

2005-05-20 20:37=20

According to the SevRAO nuclear waste management, Sweden will allocate 30 m=
illion USD for the project. A group of inspectors from the donor countries =
like Sweden, Great Britain and Norway is currently visiting Murmansk Oblast=
. On May 18, the group visited the Kola Peninsula's nuclear waste storage f=
acility in Andreyeva Bay, where the international project is progressing. T=
he inspectors said they were satisfied with the speed of its implementation=
, Interfax reported.=20

http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/38098.html

=20

Tender results for 50 containers for spent nuclear fuel to be announced in =
June=20

TUK-120 transport packing containers should accommodate icebreakers' spent =
nuclear fuel stored currently onboard service ship Lotta.=20

2005-06-06 19:47=20

The containers should be further placed at the storage facility at the nucl=
ear icebreakers' base Atomflot in Murmansk. Atomflot's Deputy Director Must=
afa Kashka said the results of the tender and the winner would be announced=
by the end of June. Four companies are taking part in the tender: Barrikad=
a from Volgograd, Sevmash from Severodvinsk, EnergoTEKS from Kurchatov and =
Izhora plants from St Petersburg. According to Kashka, they will look at th=
e following criteria: project cost, licence for work, time frame, and quali=
ty guarantee, Interfax reported.=20

The UK sponsors the containers' construction in the frames of the Global Pa=
rtnership program. It was planned originally to announce tender back in Nov=
ember 2004, but due to the lack of the agreement with the British partners,=
the tender was postponed. At the moment "the money issue is solved", Kashk=
a said.=20
Thanks to this project Lotta will get place for 14 additional reactor zones=
from the laid-up submarines, what should significantly increase the rate o=
f the nuclear submarines dismantling.=20

http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/38332.html

=20

=20

Russian ministry wants oil pipeline to Murmansk=20

The Russian Ministry of Industry and Energy has started a project on how to=
construct an oil pipeline from Siberia to Murmansk. The project will be el=
aborated by 2007, says minister Viktor Khristenko. The minister announced t=
he news after recent talks with his US counterpart Carlos Gutierres. The pi=
peline has an estimated cost of up to 4,5 billion USD. Capacity will be up =
to 80 million tons of oil per year, BarentsObserver reported.=20

2005-06-08 16:41=20

The newspaper Biznes Klass writes that the ministry considers two alternati=
ve routes for the pipeline, one from western Siberia to Ukhta (Komi Republi=
c) and to Murmansk (3600 km) and one from western Siberia to Ukhta and to M=
urmansk across the White Sea (2500 km). Minister Khristenko says the oil wi=
ll be destined to the US market.=20

The project of the Ministry of Industry and Energy could revitalise plans f=
or a pipeline to Murmansk, as proposed a couple of years ago by five of the=
leading Russian oil companies. Then the Yukos company was the initiator of=
the idea. State-owned Russian pipeline monopoly company Transneft has howe=
ver strongly opposed the Murmansk pipeline. Transneft is instead working fo=
r a pipeline to the Indiga settlement in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It re=
mains unclear whether Ministry of Industry and Energy wants the constructio=
n of both pipelines.=20

http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/38434.html

=20

=20

Russia can help U.S. curb Iran=20=20
Ilan Berman International Herald Tribune

SATURDAY, JUNE 11, 2005
=20=20=20=20=20

=20=20=20=20=20
WASHINGTON By now, the notion that Russia and Iran are long-term stra=
tegic partners has become something of an article of faith within the corri=
dors of the Kremlin. Since the start of strategic ties between Moscow and T=
ehran more than a decade ago, Russian officials of all political stripes, s=
purred by concerns about the rise of radical Islam in the Caucasus and Iran=
's role as a lucrative client for Russia's ailing defense industry, have st=
eadily gravitated to the idea of cooperation with Iran's ayatollahs. Over t=
ime, that pragmatic partnership has also evolved into much more - a geopoli=
tical alliance intended to counter American policy in the Middle East.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

The fact that a number of Russian officials, including President Vlad=
imir Putin himself, have emphasized their solidarity with Tehran of late is=
a testament to the durability of these ties. In March, with the tenuous nu=
clear deal between Iran and the "EU-3" - Britain, France and Germany - on t=
he verge of collapse, Alexander Rumyantsev, the head of Russia's Atomic Ene=
rgy Agency, announced plans to deliver nuclear fuel to the recently complet=
ed nuclear reactor at Bushehr, the public centerpiece of Iran's nuclear pro=
gram, in late 2005 or early 2006.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Just as significant, Moscow has sent unmistakable signals to the worl=
d community about its diplomatic stance on the Iranian nuclear program. Off=
icials like Igor Ivanov, secretary of Russia's powerful National Security C=
ouncil, have made clear that the Kremlin opposes taking Iran's "nuclear fil=
e" to the United Nations. "Passing the issue to the UN's Security Council, =
which is a political body, is hardly likely to be in the best interests of =
the case," Ivanov told Russian reporters last autumn. Concerns over this so=
rt of continued solidarity were among the reasons for Secretary General Kof=
i Annan's recent warning to Washington that the Iranian nuclear issue could=
well deadlock the Security Council.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

But change could be on the horizon. Russia's nuclear assistance to Ir=
an over the past decade has been spurred by the traditional notion that suc=
h third-world proliferation was by and large a cost-free exercise. This ill=
usion, however, is becoming harder and harder to sustain. Indicators sugges=
t that Iran's expanding capabilities are emerging as a real and direct thre=
at to Russian security.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

According to informed estimates, Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile=
advances could put roughly 20 million people in the south of Russia, Kazak=
hstan and Ukraine at risk by as early as next year. Moreover, it has certai=
nly not been lost on Moscow, the traditional driver of the Russo-Iranian re=
lationship, that Iran's progress is also greatly expanding the potential fo=
r nuclear blackmail from the Islamic Republic.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

At the same time, Russia is grappling with Iran's inroads on another =
front: Central Asia and the Caucasus. While carried out in response to Amer=
ican military deployments, new Iranian defense arrangements with Azerbaijan=
and Tajikistan - as well as Tehran's recent energy diplomacy with Kazakhst=
an and Armenia - threaten to alter the strategic status quo in the "post-So=
viet space," and further loosen Russia's already tenuous grip on the former=
Soviet republics.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Several other issues - from Iran's continuing meddling in Iraq, where=
Russian companies are deeply engaged, to troubling evidence of recent Iran=
ian support for radical Islamic groups in the post-Soviet space - have simi=
larly become the source of considerable unease in Moscow.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Over the past decade, policy makers in Washington have attempted repe=
atedly to coax, cajole and bribe the Russian government into rolling back i=
ts nuclear ties to Tehran. Yet as the international community edges closer =
to crisis over Iran's nuclear ambitions, the Bush administration has remain=
ed strangely silent on the role that Iran's chief strategic enabler can and=
should play in curbing Tehran's mounting international menace.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

That is certainly a shame, because rallying Russia constitutes a key =
part of any successful containment strategy vis-=E0-vis Iran. And, given th=
e foregoing strategic considerations, Washington might soon find that, with=
the proper inducements, it has a more receptive audience in Moscow than ev=
er before.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

(Ilan Berman is vice president for policy at the American Foreign Pol=
icy Council in Washington, and the author of ''Tehran Rising: Iran's Challe=
nge to the United States,'' which will be published in September.)=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

WASHINGTON By now, the notion that Russia and Iran are long-term stra=
tegic partners has become something of an article of faith within the corri=
dors of the Kremlin.

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Since the start of strategic ties between Moscow and Tehran more tha=
n a decade ago, Russian officials of all political stripes, spurred by conc=
erns about the rise of radical Islam in the Caucasus and Iran's role as a l=
ucrative client for Russia's ailing defense industry, have steadily gravita=
ted to the idea of cooperation with Iran's ayatollahs.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Over time, that pragmatic partnership has also evolved into much more=
- a geopolitical alliance intended to counter American policy in the Middl=
e East.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

The fact that a number of Russian officials, including President Vlad=
imir Putin himself, have emphasized their solidarity with Tehran of late is=
a testament to the durability of these ties.

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

In March, with the tenuous nuclear deal between Iran and the "EU-3" =
- Britain, France and Germany - on the verge of collapse, Alexander Rumyant=
sev, the head of Russia's Atomic Energy Agency, announced plans to deliver =
nuclear fuel to the recently completed nuclear reactor at Bushehr, the publ=
ic centerpiece of Iran's nuclear program, in late 2005 or early 2006.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Just as significant, Moscow has sent unmistakable signals to the worl=
d community about its diplomatic stance on the Iranian nuclear program. Off=
icials like Igor Ivanov, secretary of Russia's powerful National Security C=
ouncil, have made clear that the Kremlin opposes taking Iran's "nuclear fil=
e" to the United Nations.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

"Passing the issue to the UN's Security Council, which is a political=
body, is hardly likely to be in the best interests of the case," Ivanov to=
ld Russian reporters last autumn. Concerns over this sort of continued soli=
darity were among the reasons for Secretary General Kofi Annan's recent war=
ning to Washington that the Iranian nuclear issue could well deadlock the S=
ecurity Council.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

But change could be on the horizon. Russia's nuclear assistance to Ir=
an over the past decade has been spurred by the traditional notion that suc=
h third-world proliferation was by and large a cost-free exercise.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

This illusion, however, is becoming harder and harder to sustain. Ind=
icators suggest that Iran's expanding capabilities are emerging as a real a=
nd direct threat to Russian security.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

According to informed estimates, Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile=
advances could put roughly 20 million people in the south of Russia, Kazak=
hstan and Ukraine at risk by as early as next year. Moreover, it has certai=
nly not been lost on Moscow, the traditional driver of the Russo-Iranian re=
lationship, that Iran's progress is also greatly expanding the potential fo=
r nuclear blackmail from the Islamic Republic.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

At the same time, Russia is grappling with Iran's inroads on another =
front: Central Asia and the Caucasus. While carried out in response to Amer=
ican military deployments, new Iranian defense arrangements with Azerbaijan=
and Tajikistan - as well as Tehran's recent energy diplomacy with Kazakhst=
an and Armenia - threaten to alter the strategic status quo in the "post-So=
viet space," and further loosen Russia's already tenuous grip on the former=
Soviet republics.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Several other issues - from Iran's continuing meddling in Iraq, where=
Russian companies are deeply engaged, to troubling evidence of recent Iran=
ian support for radical Islamic groups in the post-Soviet space - have simi=
larly become the source of considerable unease in Moscow.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

Over the past decade, policy makers in Washington have attempted repe=
atedly to coax, cajole and bribe the Russian government into rolling back i=
ts nuclear ties to Tehran. Yet as the international community edges closer =
to crisis over Iran's nuclear ambitions, the Bush administration has remain=
ed strangely silent on the role that Iran's chief strategic enabler can and=
should play in curbing Tehran's mounting international menace.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

That is certainly a shame, because rallying Russia constitutes a key =
part of any successful containment strategy vis-=E0-vis Iran. And, given th=
e foregoing strategic considerations, Washington might soon find that, with=
the proper inducements, it has a more receptive audience in Moscow than ev=
er before.=20

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

(Ilan Berman is vice president for policy at the American Foreign Pol=
icy Council in Washington, and the author of ''Tehran Rising: Iran's Challe=
nge=20
=20=20=20=20=20

to the United States,'' which will be published in September.)=20

=20

http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/10/opinion/edberman.php

=20

Surviving on Nuclear Waste: Kazakhstan, Russia and Other Nuclear Waste Impo=
rters

Sam Vaknin, Ph.D. - 5/18/2005=20

On May 11, 2005, Romania will host a two-day exercise simulating a nuclear =
accident. It will be conducted at the Cernavoda nuclear power plant. But th=
e real radiological emergency is already at hand and unfolding.=20

Nuclear waste is both an environmental problem and an economic solution in =
the countries of east Europe and central Asia. Kazakhstan announced in Nove=
mber 2002 that it plans to import other countries' nuclear waste - and get =
paid for its shoddy disposal-by-burial, contrary to international conventio=
ns.

Ironically, the money thus generated is earmarked for ridding of Kazakhstan=
of its own pile of fissionable trash. This emulates a similar scheme float=
ed five years ago in Russia. The Atomic Energy Ministry planned to import 2=
0,000 tons of nuclear waste to earn $21 billion in the process.

The collapse of the Warsaw Pact left many countries in the former Soviet bl=
ock with an ageing and prohibitively expensive to maintain nuclear arsenal.=
Dismantling the war heads - often with American and European Union Euratom=
funding - yielded mounds of lethal radioactive materials.

Abandoned nuclear test sites - such as the USSR's central facility in Semip=
alatinsk, Kazakhstan - contain thousands of tons of radioactive leftovers. =
Add to this the network of decrepit, Chernobyl-like, reactors strewn throug=
hout the region and their refuse and the gargantuan dimensions of the threa=
t emerge.

Take, again, Kazakhstan. According to Mukhtar Dzakishev, then president of =
Kazatomprom, the country's national nuclear agency, the country is immersed=
in 230,000 tons of waste. It would cost more than $1 billion to clean. The=
country should earn this amount in a single year of imports of nuclear lit=
ter.

The going rate in Europe is c. $3-5000 per 200-liter barrel, only a fifth o=
f which is spent on its burial in old mines or specially constructed deposi=
tories. This translates to a profit of $80-140 per cubic meter of uranium b=
uried - compared to less than $10 per cubic meter of uranium extracted. The=
countries of east Europe have entered the fray with relish. In 2001, presi=
dent Putin rushed through the Duma a much-debated law that allows for the i=
mportation and disposal of nuclear waste.

Getting rid of nuclear waste and dismantling nuclear facilities - both mili=
tary and peacetime - do not come cheap.

According to the ELTA news agency, Lithuania's decommissioning of the Ignal=
ina Nuclear Power Plant would require 30 years and should cost $90 million =
in 2008 alone. In October 2002, Russia's Atomic Energy Minister Yevgeny Ada=
mov pegged the cost of a USA-Russian agreement to dispose of 34 tons of wea=
pons-grade plutonium at $750 million. Russia plans to resell the end produc=
t, mixed oxide (MOX), to various countries in Europe and to Japan. MOX can =
be used to fuel specially-fitted power plants.

The European Commissions, alarmed by these developments in its backyard, an=
nounced, according to EUObserver.com, that it "gives priority to geological=
burial of dangerous material as the safest disposal method to date. Member=
states will be required to establish national burial sites for the disposa=
l of radioactive waste by 2018. Research for waste management will also be =
stepped up."

Even private NGO's got into the act. In August 2002, Russia reclaimed from =
the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Belgrade, Yugoslavia 45 kilogram=
s of highly enriched uranium. The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a Washin=
gton-based NGO established by Ted Turner of CNN fame and former Senator Sam=
Nunn, was instrumental in arranging the air transport of the sensitive sub=
stance. According to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, the Vinca Institute c=
onditioned its surrender of the uranium rods on financial aid to dispose of=
2.5 tons of spent nuclear fuel. NTI provided the $5 million needed to acco=
mplish the cleanup.

A donor conference, in the framework of the Northern Dimension Environmenta=
l partnership (NDEP) pledged in November 2002 c. $110 million to tackle env=
ironmental and nuclear waste in northwest Russia. This fund will supplement=
loans from international financial institutions. Yet, according to the BBC=
, of the twelve priority projects worth $1.3 billion that have been agreed =
- not one concerns atomic trash.

The NDEP, set up in 1997, is a partnership of the European Commission, Russ=
ia, the European Regional Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, t=
he Nordic Bank and the World Bank. But it is predicated on a crucial docume=
nt - the Multilateral Nuclear Environment Programme in Russia (MNEPR) - whi=
ch Russia for long evaded signing.

The sorry state of underfunded efforts to cope with the aftermath of nuclea=
r power and weaponry and the blatant venality that often accompanies shady =
waste deals provoked a green backlash throughout the otherwise docile regio=
n. The Guardian quoted courageous Kazakh environmental activists as saying:

"The same is repeated again and again. It is just another money-making vent=
ure ... The World Bank is worried about corruption in Kazakhstan. In our cu=
rrent situation there is no guarantee of public safety, no system for compe=
nsation, no confidence in the ability of customs to deal with these cargoes=
. Everyone has a human right to a safe environment - but apparently not her=
e."

Similar sentiments are expressed by groups in Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Yu=
goslavia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Poland and elsewhere. Being "environ=
mentally correct" is so important that Tanjug, the Yugoslav news agency, in=
its relentless campaign against NATO, implausibly accused Germany of stori=
ng its waste in the mines of Kosovo.

A prime example of activism involved a Russian scientific expedition which =
found a nuclear submarine dumped, with spent radioactive fuel, in the north=
ern Kara Sea. According to news agencies, quoting environmental groups, dum=
ping nuclear waste, hundreds of submarines and decommissioned nuclear react=
ors into Arctic waters was common practice in the Soviet Union.

In late 2002, the governor of the Murmansk region, bordering on Norway, has=
announced a 6-year cleansing program of the Kola peninsula, designed to as=
suage the worried Scandinavians. The Norwegians built a waste recycling fac=
ility in the area, constructed a special train to ferry the waste away and =
invested in renovating a storage dump.

Many east European countries do not store nuclear waste but serve merely as=
transit routes. The waste the Kazakhs plan to dispose of, for instance, sh=
ould cross Russian territory. Yet, the Russians are the easy part. In 1998,=
they have agreed to continue to store in east Siberia fission by-products =
from Bulgaria's controversial Soviet-built Kozloduy nuclear power plant. Ru=
ssia also stores waste from Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Lithu=
ania. Waste disposal was part of the standard construction contracts of Sov=
iet reactors abroad.

But getting the waste to Russia often requires permission from other, a lot=
less forthcoming, countries such as Moldova, Ukraine and Romania. By the b=
eginning of 2003, according to the Bulgarian reactor's management, the old =
storage pits were exhausted and the plant had to close down.

According to the Regional Environmental Center, the transit countries cite =
ill-equipped railways, antiquated containers and other environmental concer=
ns as the reasons for their reluctance.=20

In reality, they are under pressure by the European Union and the USA to co=
llaborate with waste transport and disposal companies in the West, such as =
British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL), or Cogema.=20

In the wastelands that constitute large swathes of the post-communist world=
, nuclear waste, it seems, is a growth industry.

http://globalpolitician.com/articledes.asp?ID=3D729&cid=3D4&sid=3D41

=20

=20

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<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
<DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black">From: <A=20
title=3Djl_rona@xxxxxxxxx href=3D"mailto:jl_rona@xxxxxxxxx";>vera</A> </DIV>
<DIV>To: <A title=3Dvladimirputinroundtable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=20
href=3D"mailto:vladimirputinroundtable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";>vladimir</A> </DIV>
<DIV>Cc: <A title=3Da_political_debate_@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx=20
href=3D"mailto:a_political_debate_@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";>a_political_debate_@yah=
oogroups.com</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV>Sent: Saturday, June 11, 2005 10:57 AM</DIV>
<DIV>Subject: [A_Political_Debate_] Invoking =93terrorism=94, Gorbac=
hev=20
hinders Putin=92s floating nuclear power station plans</DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Invoking =93terroris=
m=94,=20
Gorbachev hinders Putin=92s floating nuclear power station plans</ST=
RONG>=20
<o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">From all the articles that you can find below, a s=
ingle=20
conclusion can be drawn up: the US=92, through Britain mediation and with t=
he help=20
of the traitor Gorbachev, hinders Russia=92s efforts to modernize its nucle=
ar=20
facilities, hence hindering the resumption of the Cold War and so of the pe=
ace=20
on this planet itself. <o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in">The=20
fact that <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt">=
Russia's=20
Nuclear Energy Ministry is also involved in the case is a big question mark=
. Is=20
that man a traitor? If he is, then Putin would replace=20
him.<o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt">=
Is=20
Putin willing to drop his floating=20
nuclear power station plans? <=
SPAN=20
lang=3DEN=20
style=3D"FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt; =
mso-ansi-language: EN">If=20
he is, then what has the US provided him with in return? Will the US quit=20
placing orbital interceptors meant to spy Russia and the entire planet?=20
<o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Or is soft Putin willing to cede, as usual, to=20
Gorbachev=92s mean involvement and to Bush SR=92s daily=20
threats?<o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">I have no clear answer on that.=20
<o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in">~Vera<SPAN=20
lang=3DEN style=3D"mso-ansi-language: EN"><o:p></o:p></H1>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Russia's floating nuclear station stuns=20
ecologists<o:p></o:p></H1>
By Helen=20
Womack in Moscow June 11, 2005<o:p></o:p>
Russian=20
atomic engineers are determined to press ahead with a plan to build the wor=
ld's=20
first floating nuclear power station despite=20
howls of disbelief and horror from environmentalists, who see potential not=
only=20
for ecological catastrophe but also for a terrorist attack at=20
sea.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=
=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The board of Russia's atomic energy agency, RosAto=
m,=20
which met on May 25 to give the go-ahead, said it "could become a new direc=
tion=20
in the development of atomic energy".<o:p></o:p></=
P>
A ministry spokesman, Nikolai Shingaryov, t=
old the=20
Herald it would be a fullscale power station and would float on a ba=
rge=20
in the White Sea off Severodvinsk in the Archangel region of northern Russi=
an.=20
It should be ready by 2010.<o:p></o:p>
"It=20
is absolute madness," said Vladimir Tchuprov of the Russian branch of=20
Greenpeace.<F=
ONT=20
size=3D3> "We are categorically against it, both on ecological grounds and =
because=20
of the risk=20
of terrorism."<o:p></o:p>
Russia's=20
nuclear planners=
<FONT=20
size=3D3> may well achieve their dream, provided they <SPA=
N=20
lang=3DEN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi=
-language: EN">can=20
find investors.<=
FONT=20
size=3D3> In 2003, Russia's Atomic Energy Minister, Alexander Rumyantsev, a=
nd the=20
chairman of China's State Commission for Science, Technology and National=20
Defence Industries, Zhang Yunchuan, began negotiating the terms of a $US150=
=20
million ($196 million) loan=20
from Beijing.<o:p></o:p>
China=20
and South Korea might well be persuaded to invest if Russia proves it has a=
=20
market in the Third World for the floating stations. <o:p></o:p></=
FONT>
When=20
they visited Moscow two years ago, delegations from Indonesia and India=20
considered ordering similar power stations, but=20
the two nations are reported to have cooled to the idea after the Boxing Da=
y=20
tsunami.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The Russians hope the floating nuclear power stati=
ons=20
will solve the problem of supplying energy cheaply and easily to communitie=
s in=20
remote regions.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Any damage caused would be less than from coal-fir=
ed=20
plants, said the newspaper Pravda, noting that 17,000 tonnes of soot=
fell=20
ever year on the city of Archangel.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The stations, which would be powered by small KLT-=
40=20
reactors - similar to those used on icebreakers - would be capable of gener=
ating=20
70 megawatts an hour, enough to provide heat and light for a medium-sized=20
town.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">"We have used atomic icebreakers for years without=
any=20
problems," said Mr Shingaryov. "We understand society's concerns, but there=
will=20
not be any contamination and the stations will be well guarded. It would be=
=20
easier for terrorists to attack on land than out at=20
sea."<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The environmentalists have yet to be=20
convinced.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Russia's Green Cross, launched by the former Sovie=
t=20
president, Mikhail Gorbachev, after the shock of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear=
=20
accident, reiterated concern over the risk of terrorism and objected to off=
icial=20
secrecy surrounding the project.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Vladimir Slivyak, of Ecodefence, said the dumping =
of some=20
nuclear waste at sea would be inevitable. "[The project] is too crazy to be=
=20
implemented, even in a country like Russia," he=20
said.<o:p></o:p>
The=20
Bellona Foundation, which devotes much of its time and resources to monitor=
ing=20
the state of Russia's disintegrating nuclear submarine fleet near the Norwe=
gian=20
border, finds=20
it hard to believe that a new nuclear project is being contemplated in roug=
hly=20
the same area.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The floating stations would be "a threat to the Ar=
ctic,=20
the world's oceans and the whole concept of non-proliferation," it said in =
a=20
damning report.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Russia will also have to circumvent international =
nuclear=20
non-proliferation rules. Under a 1992 agreement it is banned from selling=20
nuclear technology to states that do not submit to international=20
controls<o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Russias-floating-nuclear-station-s=
tuns-ecologists/2005/06/10/1118347599337.html?oneclick=3Dtrue"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Russias-floating-nuclear-station-=
stuns-ecologists/2005/06/10/1118347599337.html?oneclick=3Dtrue</A></=
P>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0i=
n"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP=
: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"=20
vAlign=3Dtop>
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 95%; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0=
in 0in"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"95%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #=
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<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma=
">Russia=20
reveals nuclear security threats<o:p></o:p></TD>=
</TR>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #=
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<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"=
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o:preferrelative=3D"t" path=3D"m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled=
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stroked=3D"f"><v:stroke joinstyle=3D"miter"></v:stroke><v:formu=
las><v:f=20
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gradientshapeok=3D"t" o:connecttype=3D"rect"></v:path><o:lock=20
v:ext=3D"edit" aspectratio=3D"t"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shap=
e=20
id=3D_x0000_i1025 style=3D"WIDTH: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt=
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<TD=20
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<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"=
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type=3D"#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata=20
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o:href=3D"http://www.menafn.com/images/inc_images/img_trnsp.gif=
"></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><=
/DIV>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><o:p>=
</o:p></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDING-TOP=
: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"=20
vAlign=3Dtop>
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 95%; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0=
in 0in"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"95%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #=
ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; PADDI=
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vAlign=3Dtop>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 95%; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in=
0in 0in 0in"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"95%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-=
TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8;=
PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<FONT=
=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: T=
ahoma"><o:p></o:p></TD>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-=
TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8;=
PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<SPAN=
=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #686868; FONT-FAMILY: T=
ahoma">UPI=20
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: T=
ahoma">-=20
Tuesday, June 07, 2005<o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
<TR style=3D"HEIGHT: 3.75pt">
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-=
TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8;=
PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; HEIGHT: 3.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR=
: transparent"=20
colSpan=3D2>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: T=
ahoma"> <o:p></o:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-=
FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 95%; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in=
0in 0in 0in"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"95%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-=
TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8;=
WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: t=
ransparent"=20
width=3D"100%">
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tah=
oma">Date:=20
Tuesday, June 07, 2005 11:35:38 AM EST By United Press=20
International<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tah=
oma">MOSCOW,=20
June 7 (UPI) -- <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Ta=
homa; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">Russia's=20
Prosecutor General's Office revealed numerous security th=
reats=20
to the country's nuclear power plants and is considering=
=20
checks at power facilities. <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tah=
oma"><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tah=
oma">The=20
Prime-Tass news agency Tuesday reported prosecutors had o=
pened=20
nine criminal cases of wrongdoing and issued over 100 off=
icial=20
warnings to employees in Russia's nuclear power industry.=
=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tah=
oma">Speaking=20
at a parliamentary session, deputy prosecutor Vladimir=20
Kolesnikov warned the country's nuclear power plants are=
=20
susceptible to man-made disasters because of aging=20
infrastructure and poor maintenance and repair.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Ta=
homa; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">"The=20
inspection will center on the enforcement of safety=20
regulations and law aimed at preventing accidents and=20
industrial disasters," Kolesnikov told a State Duma commi=
ttee=20
investigating the May blackout in Moscow and the surround=
ing=20
region.<o:p></o:p><PRE>--<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>Copyright 2005 by United Press Internat=
ional.<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><F=
ONT size=3D2>All rights reserved.<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE>--<o:p></o:p></PRE></=
TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"=
><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2></o:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DI=
V>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #3f6d8b; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><o:p>=
<FONT=20
size=3D2></o:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story.asp?StoryId=3DCqQuBWeidCNvZC2LH=
lxbVD2vYCgXHBNrZ"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story.asp?StoryId=3DCqQuBWeidCNvZC2L=
HlxbVD2vYCgXHBNrZ</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<H2 style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt">Report rai=
ses=20
potential for nuclear accident</H2>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
Saturday, June 11, 2005 Page A15
<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> 
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> Moscow -- <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">The aband=
oned=20
nuclear submarines and waste sites of Russia's northern fleet are in such a=
poor=20
state that a nuclear accident cannot be ruled out, a <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: green; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">British=
=20
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">nuclear=20
consultancy said yesterday in a report that breaks new ground on a touchy=20
subject for Russia.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">The repor=
t from=20
Britain's National Nuclear Corporation is notable for having been written w=
ith=20
the co-operation of Russia's Nuclear Energy Ministry,=
after=20
years in which the Russian state tried to squelch discussion of the abandon=
ed=20
nuclear submarines and waste sites littering the shores of Russia's Barents=
=20
Sea.
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">It ident=
ifies=20
two sites near northwestern Murmansk province tha=
t=20
continue to discharge combustible nuclear waste. AFP
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/2005=
0611/WORLD11-1/TPInternational/Briefs"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/200=
50611/WORLD11-1/TPInternational/Briefs</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Concerns over junked Russian atomic=20
subs<o:p></o:p></H1>
June 11,=20
2005 - 10:33AM<o:p></o:p>
<H4 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Page Tools<o:p></o:p></H4>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Russia's scrapped atomic submarines pose a serious=
=20
nuclear threat, a British report published today said, as a leading Russian=
=20
environmental activist praised the country's authorities for "unprecedented=
"=20
openness in assisting the report's authors.<o:p></o:p>=

<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Russia must act to prevent a nuclear accident in=20
north-west Russia's Barents Sea region, home to 118 scrapped nuclear submar=
ines=20
as well as spent nuclear fuel storage sites, said Mark Gerchikov, coordinat=
or of=20
the report from British consulting firm National Nuclear Corporation (NNC),=
=20
funded by the 60-nation European Bank for Reconstruction and Development=20
(EBRD).<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">"Certain nuclear installations are in such a state=
that=20
we cannot exclude a chain reaction" leading to a nuclear accident, Gerchiko=
v=20
said at the report's presentation.<o:p></o:p>
The=20
report is notable for having been written with the cooperation of Russia's=
=20
nuclear energy ministry, after years in which the R=
ussian=20
state tried to quash discussion of the abandoned nuclear submarines and was=
te=20
sites littering the Barents Sea area.<o:p></o:p>
It=20
focuses on two sites in Murmansk province as being of particular=20
concern,=20
including the Gremikha naval base, where spent nuclear fuel from Alfa class=
=20
submarines is unloaded.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Radiation levels at the sites are several times hi=
gher=20
than recommended limits, yet workers often lack adequate protective clothin=
g,=20
Gerchikov said.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Higher rates of illness noted among children in su=
ch=20
areas should be studied in depth, he said.<o:p></o:p><=
/P>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The 40-page report won ringing endorsement at the=
=20
presentation from Alexander Nikitin, a former naval officer who spent 11 mo=
nths=20
in jail on charges of treason and espionage after he published articles abo=
ut=20
the nuclear threat posed by the northern=20
fleet.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The report is "a real turning point", Nikitin=20
said.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">"The atomic energy ministry has for the first time=
made=20
unprecedented sacrifices, publishing secret documents for the first time,"=
=20
Nikitin said.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">"This is the first attempt at dialogue with societ=
y on=20
this sensitive problem," said Sergei Baranovski, president of the Russian b=
ranch=20
of the Green Cross, an environmental group set up by former Soviet leader=20
Mikhail Gorbachev.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Since 1958 Moscow has constructed 450 naval nuclea=
r=20
reactors. Of these two thirds are located in the Barents Sea region,=20
representing 20 per cent of the world's nuclear=20
reactors.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">Western countries and the EBRD have long been invo=
lved in=20
trying to resolve the northern fleet's nuclear problems. In 1999 Britain's =
then=20
foreign secretary, Robin Cook, paid a visit to Murmansk to highlight the=20
problem.<o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">The EBRD earlier this year launched a tender for c=
arrying=20
out clean-up work, to be paid for out of its Northern Dimension Environment=
al=20
Partnership Support Fund.<o:p></o:p>
AFP<o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Concerns-over-junked-Russian-atomi=
c-subs/2005/06/11/1118347624266.html"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Concerns-over-junked-Russian-atom=
ic-subs/2005/06/11/1118347624266.html</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond">Sweden allocates $30 milli=
on to=20
Russia's nuclear waste recycling 
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Aria=
l">Sweden=20
will help Russia to handle the liquid nuclear waste on the Kola Peninsula.=
=20
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2005-05-20 20:37</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o:p>
According to the Sev=
RAO=20
nuclear waste management, Sweden will allocate 30 million USD for the proje=
ct. A=20
group of inspectors from the donor countries like Sweden, <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-s=
ize: 11.0pt">Great=20
Britain and =
Norway=20
is currently visiting Murmansk Oblast. On May 18, the group visited the Kol=
a=20
Peninsula's nuclear waste storage facility in Andreyeva Bay, where the=20
international project is progressing. The inspectors said they were satisfi=
ed=20
with the speed of its implementation, Interfax reported. <o:p></o:p>=

<A=20
href=3D"http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/380=
98.html"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/38=
098.html</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond">Tender results for 50 cont=
ainers=20
for spent nuclear fuel to be announced in June=20

<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Aria=
l">TUK-120=20
transport packing containers should accommodate icebreakers=92 spent nuclea=
r fuel=20
stored currently onboard service ship Lotta. <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2005-06-06 19:47</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o:p>
The containers shoul=
d be=20
further placed at the storage facility at the nuclear icebreakers=92 base A=
tomflot=20
in Murmansk. Atomflot=92s Deputy Director Mustafa Kashka said the results o=
f the=20
tender and the winner would be announced by the end of June. Four companies=
are=20
taking part in the tender: Barrikada from Volgograd, Sevmash from Severodvi=
nsk,=20
EnergoTEKS from Kurchatov and Izhora plants from St Petersburg. According t=
o=20
Kashka, they will look at the following criteria: project cost, licence for=
=20
work, time frame, and quality guarantee, Interfax reported.=20
<o:p></o:p>
The UK sponsors the=
=20
containers=92 construction in the frames of the Global Partnership program.=
It was=20
planned originally to announce tender back in November 2004, but due to the=
lack=20
of the agreement with the British partners, the tender was postponed. At th=
e=20
moment =94the money issue is solved=94, Kashka said. Thanks to this pro=
ject=20
Lotta will get place for 14 additional reactor zones from the laid-up=20
submarines, what should significantly increase the rate of the nuclear=20
submarines dismantling. <o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/383=
32.html"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.bellona.no/en/international/russia/navy/co-operation/38=
332.html</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond">Russian ministry wants oil=
=20
pipeline to Murmansk 
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Aria=
l">The=20
Russian Ministry of Industry and Energy has started a project on how to=20
construct an oil pipeline from Siberia to Murmansk. The project will be=20
elaborated by 2007, says minister Viktor Khristenko. The minister announced=
the=20
news after recent talks with his US counterpart Carlos Gutierres. The pipel=
ine=20
has an estimated cost of up to 4,5 billion USD. Capacity will be up to 80=20
million tons of oil per year, BarentsObserver reported. <SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2005-06-08 16:41</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o:p>
The newspaper Biznes=
Klass=20
writes that the ministry considers two alternative routes for the pipeline,=
one=20
from western Siberia to Ukhta (Komi Republic) and to Murmansk (3600 km) and=
one=20
from western Siberia to Ukhta and to Murmansk across the White Sea (2500 km=
).=20
Minister Khristenko says the oil will be destined to the US market.=20
<o:p></o:p>
The project of the M=
inistry=20
of Industry and Energy could revitalise plans for a pipeline to Murmansk, a=
s=20
proposed a couple of years ago by five of the leading Russian oil companies=
.=20
Then the Yukos company was the initiator of the idea. State-owned Russian=20
pipeline monopoly company Transneft has however strongly opposed the Murman=
sk=20
pipeline. Transneft is instead working for a pipeline to the Indiga settlem=
ent=20
in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It remains unclear whether Ministry of Indu=
stry=20
and Energy wants the construction of both pipelines. <o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/38434.html";>http://www.bellona.no/en/energy/38434.html</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
<TABLE=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 315.75pt; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0i=
n 0in"=20
cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D421 border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 315.=
75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transpare=
nt"=20
width=3D421>
<H1 style=3D"MARGIN: auto 0in">Russia =
can help=20
U.S. curb Iran </H1></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 315.=
75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transpare=
nt"=20
vAlign=3Dtop width=3D421>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt"><A=
=20
href=3D"http://www.iht.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?query=3DIlan%20Berman&a=
mp;sort=3Dswishrank">Ilan=20
Berman</A> International Herald Tribune <v:shape=
=20
id=3D_x0000_i1027 style=3D"WIDTH: 3.75pt; HEIGHT: 3.75pt" alt=3D""=20
type=3D"#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata=20
src=3D"file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_im=
age004.gif"=20
o:href=3D"http://www.iht.com/images/article/spacer.gif";></v:imagedata=
></v:shape> <SPAN=20
class=3Dtext21><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; LETTER-SPACING: 0pt">S=
ATURDAY,=20
JUNE 11, 2005<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: #555544"><o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 315.=
75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transpare=
nt"=20
width=3D421>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><v:shape id=3D_x0000_i1028=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt=3D""=20
type=3D"#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata=20
src=3D"file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_im=
age006.gif"=20
o:href=3D"http://www.iht.com/images/icon/null.gif";></v:imagedata></v:=
shape><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><v:shape id=3D_x0000_i1029=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt=3D""=20
type=3D"#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata=20
src=3D"file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_im=
age006.gif"=20
o:href=3D"http://www.iht.com/images/icon/null.gif";></v:imagedata></v:=
shape><o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><v:shape id=3D_x0000_i1030=20
style=3D"WIDTH: 0.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.75pt" alt=3D""=20
type=3D"#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata=20
src=3D"file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/01/clip_im=
age006.gif"=20
o:href=3D"http://www.iht.com/images/icon/null.gif";></v:imagedata></v:=
shape><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: #555544"><o:p></o:p></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD=20
style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8=
; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 315.=
75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transpare=
nt"=20
width=3D421>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"><A=20
href=3D"http://www.iht.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?query=3DWASHINGTON&=
sort=3Dswishrank">WASHINGTON</A>=20
By now, the notion that Russia and Iran are long-term strategic partn=
ers=20
has become something of an article of faith within the corridors of t=
he=20
Kremlin. Since the start of strategic ties between Moscow and Tehran =
more=20
than a decade ago, Russian officials of all political stripes, spurre=
d by=20
concerns about the rise of radical Islam in the Caucasus and Iran's r=
ole=20
as a lucrative client for Russia's ailing defense industry, have stea=
dily=20
gravitated to the idea of cooperation with Iran's ayatollahs. Over ti=
me,=20
that pragmatic partnership has also evolved into much more - a=20
geopolitical alliance intended to counter American policy in the Midd=
le=20
East. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">The=20
fact that a number of Russian officials, including President Vladimir=
=20
Putin himself, have emphasized their solidarity with Tehran of late i=
s a=20
testament to the durability of these ties. In March, with the tenuous=
=20
nuclear deal between Iran and the "EU-3" - Britain, France and German=
y -=20
on the verge of collapse, Alexander Rumyantsev, the head of Russia's=
=20
Atomic Energy Agency, announced plans to deliver nuclear fuel to the=
=20
recently completed nuclear reactor at Bushehr, the public centerpiece=
of=20
Iran's nuclear program, in late 2005 or early 2006. <o:p></o:p></SPAN=
>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">Just=20
as significant, Moscow has sent unmistakable signals to the world=20
community about its diplomatic stance on the Iranian nuclear program.=
=20
Officials like Igor Ivanov, secretary of Russia's powerful National=20
Security Council, have made clear that the Kremlin opposes taking Ira=
n's=20
"nuclear file" to the United Nations. "Passing the issue to the UN's=
=20
Security Council, which is a political body, is hardly likely to be i=
n the=20
best interests of the case," Ivanov told Russian reporters last autum=
n.=20
Concerns over this sort of continued solidarity were among the reason=
s for=20
Secretary General Kofi Annan's recent warning to Washington that the=
=20
Iranian nuclear issue could well deadlock the Security Council.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">But=20
change could be on the horizon. Russia's nuclear assistance to Iran o=
ver=20
the past decade has been spurred by the traditional notion that such=
=20
third-world proliferation was by and large a cost-free exercise. This=
=20
illusion, however, is becoming harder and harder to sustain. Indicato=
rs=20
suggest that Iran's expanding capabilities are emerging as a real and=
=20
direct threat to Russian security. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">According=20
to informed estimates, Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile advances =
could=20
put roughly 20 million people in the south of Russia, Kazakhstan and=
=20
Ukraine at risk by as early as next year. Moreover, it has certainly =
not=20
been lost on Moscow, the traditional driver of the Russo-Iranian=20
relationship, that Iran's progress is also greatly expanding the pote=
ntial=20
for nuclear blackmail from the Islamic Republic. <o:p></o:p></=
P>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">At=20
the same time, Russia is grappling with Iran's inroads on another fro=
nt:=20
Central Asia and the Caucasus. While carried out in response to Ameri=
can=20
military deployments, new Iranian defense arrangements with Azerbaija=
n and=20
Tajikistan - as well as Tehran's recent energy diplomacy with Kazakhs=
tan=20
and Armenia - threaten to alter the strategic status quo in the=20
"post-Soviet space," and further loosen Russia's already tenuous grip=
on=20
the former Soviet republics. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">Several=20
other issues - from Iran's continuing meddling in Iraq, where Russian=
=20
companies are deeply engaged, to troubling evidence of recent Iranian=
=20
support for radical Islamic groups in the post-Soviet space - have=20
similarly become the source of considerable unease in Moscow.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">Over=20
the past decade, policy makers in Washington have attempted repeatedl=
y to=20
coax, cajole and bribe the Russian government into rolling back its=20
nuclear ties to Tehran. Yet as the international community edges clos=
er to=20
crisis over Iran's nuclear ambitions, the Bush administration has rem=
ained=20
strangely silent on the role that Iran's chief strategic enabler can =
and=20
should play in curbing Tehran's mounting international menace.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">That=20
is certainly a shame, because rallying Russia constitutes a key part =
of=20
any successful containment strategy vis-=E0-vis Iran. And, given the=
=20
foregoing strategic considerations, Washington might soon find that, =
with=20
the proper inducements, it has a more receptive audience in Moscow th=
an=20
ever before. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">(Ilan=20
Berman is vice president for policy at the American Foreign Policy Co=
uncil=20
in Washington, and the author of ''Tehran Rising: Iran's Challenge to=
the=20
United States,'' which will be published in September.)<S=
PAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all">=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 7.5pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY=
: Arial; mso-hide: all"> <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A=20
href=3D"http://www.iht.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?query=3DWASHINGTON&=
sort=3Dswishrank">WASHINGTON</A>=20
By now, the notion that Russia and Iran are long-term strategic partn=
ers=20
has become something of an article of faith within the corridors of t=
he=20
Kremlin.<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> Since the start of strategic=
ties=20
between Moscow and Tehran more than a decade ago, Russian officials o=
f all=20
political stripes, spurred by concerns about the rise of radical Isla=
m in=20
the Caucasus and Iran's role as a lucrative client for Russia's ailin=
g=20
defense industry, have steadily gravitated to the idea of cooperation=
with=20
Iran's ayatollahs. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Over tim=
e, that=20
pragmatic partnership has also evolved into much more - a geopolitica=
l=20
alliance intended to counter American policy in the Middle East.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The fact=
that a=20
number of Russian officials, including President Vladimir Putin himse=
lf,=20
have emphasized their solidarity with Tehran of late is a testament t=
o the=20
durability of these ties.<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes"> In March, with the tenuous n=
uclear=20
deal between Iran and the "EU-3" - Britain, France and Germany - on t=
he=20
verge of collapse, Alexander Rumyantsev, the head of Russia's Atomic=
=20
Energy Agency, announced plans to deliver nuclear fuel to the recentl=
y=20
completed nuclear reactor at Bushehr, the public centerpiece of Iran'=
s=20
nuclear program, in late 2005 or early 2006. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Just as=
=20
significant, Moscow has sent unmistakable signals to the world commun=
ity=20
about its diplomatic stance on the Iranian nuclear program. Officials=
like=20
Igor Ivanov, secretary of Russia's powerful National Security Council=
,=20
have made clear that the Kremlin opposes taking Iran's "nuclear file"=
to=20
the United Nations. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">"Passing=
the=20
issue to the UN's Security Council, which is a political body, is har=
dly=20
likely to be in the best interests of the case," Ivanov told Russian=
=20
reporters last autumn. Concerns over this sort of continued solidarit=
y=20
were among the reasons for Secretary General Kofi Annan's recent warn=
ing=20
to Washington that the Iranian nuclear issue could well deadlock the=
=20
Security Council. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">But chan=
ge=20
could be on the horizon. Russia's nuclear assistance to Iran over the=
past=20
decade has been spurred by the traditional notion that such third-wor=
ld=20
proliferation was by and large a cost-free exercise.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This ill=
usion,=20
however, is becoming harder and harder to sustain. Indicators suggest=
that=20
Iran's expanding capabilities are emerging as a real and direct threa=
t to=20
Russian security. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Accordin=
g to=20
informed estimates, Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile advances cou=
ld=20
put roughly 20 million people in the south of Russia, Kazakhstan and=
=20
Ukraine at risk by as early as next year. Moreover, it has certainly =
not=20
been lost on Moscow, the traditional driver of the Russo-Iranian=20
relationship, that Iran's progress is also greatly expanding the pote=
ntial=20
for nuclear blackmail from the Islamic Republic. <o:p></o:p></=
P>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">At the s=
ame=20
time, Russia is grappling with Iran's inroads on another front: Centr=
al=20
Asia and the Caucasus. While carried out in response to American mili=
tary=20
deployments, new Iranian defense arrangements with Azerbaijan and=20
Tajikistan - as well as Tehran's recent energy diplomacy with Kazakhs=
tan=20
and Armenia - threaten to alter the strategic status quo in the=20
"post-Soviet space," and further loosen Russia's already tenuous grip=
on=20
the former Soviet republics. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Several =
other=20
issues - from Iran's continuing meddling in Iraq, where Russian compa=
nies=20
are deeply engaged, to troubling evidence of recent Iranian support f=
or=20
radical Islamic groups in the post-Soviet space - have similarly beco=
me=20
the source of considerable unease in Moscow. <o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Over the=
past=20
decade, policy makers in Washington have attempted repeatedly to coax=
,=20
cajole and bribe the Russian government into rolling back its nuclear=
ties=20
to Tehran. Yet as the international community edges closer to crisis =
over=20
Iran's nuclear ambitions, the Bush administration has remained strang=
ely=20
silent on the role that Iran's chief strategic enabler can and should=
play=20
in curbing Tehran's mounting international menace. <o:p></o:p>=

<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">That is=
=20
certainly a shame, because rallying Russia constitutes a key part of =
any=20
successful containment strategy vis-=E0-vis Iran. And, given the fore=
going=20
strategic considerations, Washington might soon find that, with the p=
roper=20
inducements, it has a more receptive audience in Moscow than ever bef=
ore.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o=
:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(Ilan Be=
rman is=20
vice president for policy at the American Foreign Policy Council in=20
Washington, and the author of ''Tehran Rising: Iran's Challenge=20
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o=
:p></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to the United=
=20
States,'' which will be published in September.)<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #444444; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o=
:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/10/opinion/edberman.php";><FONT=
=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/10/opinion/edberman.php=
</A>
<FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
Survi=
ving on=20
Nuclear Waste: Kazakhstan, Russia and Other Nuclear Waste=20
Importers<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <FONT=
=20
color=3D#666666><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sam Vaknin,=20
Ph.D.<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> -=20
5/18/2005<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SP=
AN>
 On =
May 11,=20
2005, Romania will host a two-day exercise simulating a nuclear accident. I=
t=20
will be conducted at the Cernavoda nuclear power plant. But the real=20
radiological emergency is already at hand and unfolding. <o:p></o:p>=

Nuclear=
waste=20
is both an environmental problem and an economic solution in the countries =
of=20
east Europe and central Asia. Kazakhstan announced in November 2002 that it=
=20
plans to import other countries' nuclear waste - and get paid for its shodd=
y=20
disposal-by-burial, contrary to international conventions. Ironicall=
y,=20
the money thus generated is earmarked for ridding of Kazakhstan of its own =
pile=20
of fissionable trash. This emulates a similar scheme floated five years ago=
in=20
Russia. The Atomic Energy Ministry planned to import 20,000 tons of nuclear=
=20
waste to earn $21 billion in the process. The collapse of the Warsaw=
Pact=20
left many countries in the former Soviet block with an ageing and prohibiti=
vely=20
expensive to maintain nuclear arsenal. Dismantling the war heads - often wi=
th=20
American and European Union Euratom funding - yielded mounds of lethal=20
radioactive materials. Abandoned nuclear test sites - such as the US=
SR's=20
central facility in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan - contain thousands of tons o=
f=20
radioactive leftovers. Add to this the network of decrepit, Chernobyl-like,=
=20
reactors strewn throughout the region and their refuse and the gargantuan=20
dimensions of the threat emerge. Take, again, Kazakhstan. According =
to=20
Mukhtar Dzakishev, then president of Kazatomprom, the country's national nu=
clear=20
agency, the country is immersed in 230,000 tons of waste. It would cost mor=
e=20
than $1 billion to clean. The country should earn this amount in a single y=
ear=20
of imports of nuclear litter. The going rate in Europe is c. $3-5000=
per=20
200-liter barrel, only a fifth of which is spent on its burial in old mines=
or=20
specially constructed depositories. This translates to a profit of $80-140 =
per=20
cubic meter of uranium buried - compared to less than $10 per cubic meter o=
f=20
uranium extracted. The countries of east Europe have entered the fray with=
=20
relish. In 2001, president Putin rushed through the Duma a much-debated law=
that=20
allows for the importation and disposal of nuclear waste. Getting ri=
d of=20
nuclear waste and dismantling nuclear facilities - both military and peacet=
ime -=20
do not come cheap. According to the ELTA news agency, Lithuania's=20
decommissioning of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant would require 30 years =
and=20
should cost $90 million in 2008 alone. In October 2002, Russia's Atomic Ene=
rgy=20
Minister Yevgeny Adamov pegged the cost of a USA-Russian agreement to dispo=
se of=20
34 tons of weapons-grade plutonium at $750 million. Russia plans to resell =
the=20
end product, mixed oxide (MOX), to various countries in Europe and to Japan=
. MOX=20
can be used to fuel specially-fitted power plants. The European=20
Commissions, alarmed by these developments in its backyard, announced, acco=
rding=20
to EUObserver.com, that it "gives priority to geological burial of dangerou=
s=20
material as the safest disposal method to date. Member states will be requi=
red=20
to establish national burial sites for the disposal of radioactive waste by=
=20
2018. Research for waste management will also be stepped up." Even=20
private NGO's got into the act. In August 2002, Russia reclaimed from the V=
inca=20
Institute of Nuclear Sciences in Belgrade, Yugoslavia 45 kilograms of highl=
y=20
enriched uranium. The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), a Washington-based N=
GO=20
established by Ted Turner of CNN fame and former Senator Sam Nunn, was=20
instrumental in arranging the air transport of the sensitive substance.=20
According to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, the Vinca Institute condition=
ed=20
its surrender of the uranium rods on financial aid to dispose of 2.5 tons o=
f=20
spent nuclear fuel. NTI provided the $5 million needed to accomplish the=20
cleanup. A donor conference, in the framework of the Northern Dimens=
ion=20
Environmental partnership (NDEP) pledged in November 2002 c. $110 million t=
o=20
tackle environmental and nuclear waste in northwest Russia. This fund will=
=20
supplement loans from international financial institutions. Yet, according =
to=20
the BBC, of the twelve priority projects worth $1.3 billion that have been=
=20
agreed - not one concerns atomic trash. The NDEP, set up in 1997, is=
a=20
partnership of the European Commission, Russia, the European Regional=20
Development Bank, the European Investment Bank, the Nordic Bank and the Wor=
ld=20
Bank. But it is predicated on a crucial document - the Multilateral Nuclear=
=20
Environment Programme in Russia (MNEPR) - which Russia for long evaded=20
signing. The sorry state of underfunded efforts to cope with the=20
aftermath of nuclear power and weaponry and the blatant venality that often=
=20
accompanies shady waste deals provoked a green backlash throughout the othe=
rwise=20
docile region. The Guardian quoted courageous Kazakh environmental activist=
s as=20
saying: "The same is repeated again and again. It is just another=20
money-making venture ... The World Bank is worried about corruption in=20
Kazakhstan. In our current situation there is no guarantee of public safety=
, no=20
system for compensation, no confidence in the ability of customs to deal wi=
th=20
these cargoes. Everyone has a human right to a safe environment - but appar=
ently=20
not here." Similar sentiments are expressed by groups in Russia, Rom=
ania,=20
Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Poland and elsewhere. Be=
ing=20
"environmentally correct" is so important that Tanjug, the Yugoslav news ag=
ency,=20
in its relentless campaign against NATO, implausibly accused Germany of sto=
ring=20
its waste in the mines of Kosovo. A prime example of activism involv=
ed a=20
Russian scientific expedition which found a nuclear submarine dumped, with =
spent=20
radioactive fuel, in the northern Kara Sea. According to news agencies, quo=
ting=20
environmental groups, dumping nuclear waste, hundreds of submarines and=20
decommissioned nuclear reactors into Arctic waters was common practice in t=
he=20
Soviet Union. In late 2002, the governor of the Murmansk region,=20
bordering on Norway, has announced a 6-year cleansing program of the Kola=20
peninsula, designed to assuage the worried Scandinavians. The Norwegians bu=
ilt a=20
waste recycling facility in the area, constructed a special train to ferry =
the=20
waste away and invested in renovating a storage dump. Many east Euro=
pean=20
countries do not store nuclear waste but serve merely as transit routes. Th=
e=20
waste the Kazakhs plan to dispose of, for instance, should cross Russian=20
territory. Yet, the Russians are the easy part. In 1998, they have agreed t=
o=20
continue to store in east Siberia fission by-products from Bulgaria's=20
controversial Soviet-built Kozloduy nuclear power plant. Russia also stores=
=20
waste from Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Lithuania. Waste dispo=
sal=20
was part of the standard construction contracts of Soviet reactors=20
abroad. But getting the waste to Russia often requires permission fr=
om=20
other, a lot less forthcoming, countries such as Moldova, Ukraine and Roman=
ia.=20
By the beginning of 2003, according to the Bulgarian reactor's management, =
the=20
old storage pits were exhausted and the plant had to close=20
down. According to the Regional Environmental Center, the transit=20
countries cite ill-equipped railways, antiquated containers and other=20
environmental concerns as the reasons for their reluctance.=20
<o:p></o:p>
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-siz=
e: 9.0pt">In=20
reality, they are under pressure by the European Union and the USA to=20
collaborate with waste transport and disposal companies in the West, such a=
s=20
British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL), or Cogema.<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <o:p></o:p></SP=
AN>
In the=
=20
wastelands that constitute large swathes of the post-communist world, nucle=
ar=20
waste, it seems, is a growth industry.<o:p></o:p>
<A=20
href=3D"http://globalpolitician.com/articledes.asp?ID=3D729&cid=3D4&amp=
;sid=3D41"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
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face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p>
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face=3D"Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></DIV>
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of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around=20
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From
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0018.html,
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0019.html,
and
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0020.html:

FLORA^12 PAYNE (HENRY B.^11 , ELISHA^10 PAINE, ABRAHAM^9 , RUTH^8 ADAMS,
JOHN^7 , PETER^6 , HENRY^5 , JOHN^4 , HENRY^3 , JOHN^2 , ROBERT^1 ) was
born January 25, 1842 in Cleveland, Ohio, and died February 5, 1893 in
New York City, New York. She married WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY October 20,
1869 in Cleveland, Ohio, son of JAMES WHITNEY and LAURINDA COLLINS.

Notes for FLORA PAYNE:
Flora Payne Whitney was educated at private schools in America and
Europe. She took a special course of study in science at Cambridge,
Mass., under the late Professor Louis Agassiz. During her residence
abroad she was a constant correspondent of her father, and though
written only for his eye, her letters were of such merit Senator Payne
had them privately printed.

Mrs. Whitney was remarkable as a social leader. Her greatest success
came during the first administration of President Cleveland, when Mr.
Whitney was Secretary of the Navy.

Notes for WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY:
William Collins Whitney prepared for college at Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, Mass., and entered Yale in 1859, graduating with honors in
the Class of 1863. Among his classmates was William Graham Sumner,
afterwards Professor of Societology at Yale. Whitney and Sumner shared
the prize for English essays between them. Whitney, however, won out
over Sumner in the election for class orator. He graduated from the
Harvard Law School in 1865 and then entered the law office of Judge
Abraham R. Lawrence in New York City. In his profession he was very
successful, soon acquiring a large practice. Shortly he became
interested in politics and was the chief organizer of the Young Men's
Democratic Club, an organization in opposition to Tweed and his ring. He
soon became known to Samuel J. Tilden, and became one of his
lieutenants. Mr. Tilden is said to have regarded him as the ablest
political protege he ever had. Whitney then organized what was known as
the Appollo Hall, and became the unsuccessful candidate of that body for
District-Attorney in 1872.

Becoming prominent as a leader of the County Democracy, he was appointed
inspector of schools. He was active in the campaign of 1874 when Mr.
Tilden was elected Governor of New York State, and Wickham Mayor of the
City. The latter appointed Whitney Corporation Counsel of the City, a
position which he held until 1832, when he returned to private practice.
His complete reform of the office of Corporation Counsel won him much
renown. He saved the City many millions of dollars and corrected many
abuses of the Tweed regime. He so systematized the work of his office
that he saved the City nearly two millions of dollars in his first year.

During the Presidential campaign of 1884, Mr. Whitney did much in the
way of organization to secure the election of Mr. Cleveland. In March,
1885, the latter appointed him Secretary of the Navy. In that office he
ably carried on the creation of the new American Navy, begun under the
Naval Advisory Board appointed in 1881. His greatest achievement in this
position was the negotiation of contracts for armor plate, which made
possible the establishment of a domestic armor plate plant at South
Bethlehem, Pa.

After his retirement from the Cabinet, Mr. Whitney devoted himself to
financial enterprises with very great success.

In the Presidential campaign of 1892 Whitney's political abilities were
brought into fullest exercise. He was himself the choice for the office
of President of many prominent Democrats, and it is quite possible that
he might have been the candidate of the party had he been willing to
accept the nomination. Two factions were found to exist in the party
ranks, one desiring Mr. Cleveland's re-nomination, the other organized
against him. At once, Whitney laid aside all personal ambition and
devoted himself completely to the cause of his old chief. Delegates
instructed against Cleveland had been chosen in New York, and the
movement was growing elsewhere. Whitney promptly invited Democratic
leaders from New York and other States to a conference at his house in
New York. No report of what passed at this conference ever reached the
public, yet it is known that at this meeting the entire work of the
coming Chicago convention was carefully planned, and each man's part
assigned him. As a result, at the convention everything fell out as it
had been planned, and Cleveland was nominated on the first ballot.

The close of this campaign marks the retirement of Mr. Whitney from
political life. He refused all offices and continued to be absorbed in
his varied business interests. Yet in 1896 he consented to be a delegate
to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, and exerted every
influence at his command to stem the free silver tide and prevent the
nomination of Mr. Bryan. In 1900, in spite of the importunities of his
friends he utterly refused to have his name considered as a Presidential
nominee.

Mr. Whitney's interests were very wide. His holdings of forest land on
Long Island, in the Berkshires and in the Adirondacks attest his
interest in the preservation of the forests. His stable included many of
the best-known racing horses in America and England.

Mr. Whitney's classmate and friendly Professor William Graham Sumner,
says of him, as he was when he graduated from Yale:

"The kind of vanity which develops ambition he seemed to lack. He had
the qualities which constitute the power to lead men. In part these were
good sense and judgment and in part they were graces of character. He
was magnanimous, unselfish and generous. He was generous with money, but
his generosity of mind was far more worthy. He was not at all easily
offended. He made large allowances, or he paid no attention to those
aspects of occurrences which might have been expected to touch his
personal feeling. In fact, one characteristic which goes far to account
for his popularity and his personal influence was that he put little
personal feeling into his relations with other men, even when they were
antagonistic. * * * The fact was that did not care enough for power to
put forth the exertion. We all agreed, when we graduated that his
success would depend on whether anything would stimulate him to a full
development of his powers."

Mr. Whitney was a descendant of General Josiah Whitney of the
Revolution, who in turn was a descendant of Sir Robert Whitney of
Whitney, Herefordshire, England. Mr. Whitney was also a descendant of
William Bradford of the Mayflower, Governor of Plymouth Colony.

Mr. Whitney married, a second time, in 1896, Edith Sibyl May, widow of
Colonel Arthur Randolph of East Court, Wiltshire, England. She died May
6, 1899.

Children of FLORA PAYNE and WILLIAM WHITNEY are:

1. + HARRY PAYNE^13 WHITNEY, b. April 29, 1872, New York City, New York.
2. + PAULINE PAYNE WHITNEY, b. March 21, 1874, New York City, New York.
3. + PAYNE WHITNEY, b. March 21, 1876, New York City, New York; d. 1927.
4. OLIVE WHITNEY, b. 1878; d. February 3, 1883, Paris, France.
5. DOROTHY PAYNE WHITNEY, b. January 23, 1887, Washington, D.C.; m.
WILLARD DICKERMAN STRAIGHT, September 6, 1911, Geneva, Switzerland.

Notes for DOROTHY PAYNE WHITNEY:
Dorothy Payne Straight was educated at private schools, and has
spent a great part of her life abroad. She is deeply interested in
the charitable and philanthropic work carried on in New York City.

Notes for WILLARD DICKERMAN STRAIGHT:
Willard Dickerman Straight was educated at the Bordentown (N. J.)
Military Institute, and at Cornell University, where he graduated
in 1901 with the degree of Bachelor of Architecture. After his
graduation he was appointed to a position in the Chinese Customs
Service under Sir Robert Hart, in which position he served at
Nanking and Pekin for two years. When the Russian war with Japan
broke out he became a war correspondent for Reuter's, and later an
assistant war correspondent for the Associated Press. In April,
1905, Mr. Straight was appointed Vice-Consul General at Seoul, and
in 1906 was promoted to be Consul General at Mukden. In 1908 he
was detailed for about six months as Acting Chief of the Bureau of
Far Eastern Affairs in the State Department.

Resigning from the State Department in June of 1909, Mr. Straight
went to China as the representative of J. P. Morgan & Co., Kuhn,
Loeb & Co., and other American financiers, in the negotiations
respecting the Chinese loans finally taken equally by the United
States, England, Germany and France. In this difficult business he
has been amazingly successful.

HARRY PAYNE^13 WHITNEY was born April 29, 1872 in New York City, New
York. He married GERTRUDE VANDERBILT August 25, 1896 in Newport, R.I.,
daughter of CORNELIUS VANDERBILT.

Notes for HARRY PAYNE WHITNEY:
Harry Payne Whitney prepared for college at Groton School, at Groton,
Mass. He graduated from Yale in 1894, with the degree of B. A., taking
honors in scholarship. After graduation he spent two years in study at
the Columbia Law school. Since that time he has been engaged in
financial enterprises many of which were organized by his father, the
Hon. William Collins Whitney. Mr. Whitney belongs to the Knickerbocker,
Union, Racquet and Tennis and other clubs. He has been a member of the
American Polo Team in a number of international contests, both in
England and America. His large stable of racing horses has been very
successful. Country house, Wheatley Hills, Westbury, L. I.

Notes for GERTRUDE VANDERBILT:
Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney was educated at American schools. Since her
marriage to Mr. Whitney she has spent mach time in the study and pursuit
of sculpture and has done a number of notable works. The fountain in the
patio of the Pan-American building at Washington is one of her best
known pieces.

(See Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney
<http://www.whitneygen.org/archives/biography/williamc.html#Gertrude>)
Children of HARRY WHITNEY and GERTRUDE VANDERBILT are:

1. FLORA PAYNE^14 WHITNEY, b. July 29, 1897.
2. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT WHITNEY, b. February 20, 1899.
3. BARBRA WHITNEY, b. March 20, 1903.

PAULINE PAYNE^13 WHITNEY was born March 21, 1874 in New York City, New
York. She married ALMERIC HUGH PAGET November 15, 1895 in New York City,
New York, son of ALFRED PAGET and CECELIA WYNDAHAM.

Notes for PAULINE PAYNE WHITNEY:
Pauline (Whitney) Paget was educated in American schools. She devotes
herself to charitable interests of many kinds.

Notes for ALMERIC HUGH PAGET:
Almeric Hugh Paget was educated at Harrow. Afterwards he worked in the
shops of the Midland Railway, at Derby, Eng. In 1881 he went to America
and engaged in farming and ranching in the Western States for several
years. He then undertook commercial life in St. Paul, Minn., and New
York City, becoming very successful. He was a founder of the Dominion
Iron and Steel Company of Canada.

In 1902 Mr. Paget returned to England and since then has been much
engaged in politics. He stood as Unionist candidate for Parliament for
Cambridge in the general election of 1908, but was defeated. In 1910 he
defeated his former opponent, and still (1911) remains a member of
Parliament for Cambridge Borough. He was High Sheriff for the County of
Suffolk in 1909. He is identified with the Central Land Association and
the Tariff Reform League, being on the Executive Committee of both
organizations, and he is president of the Eastern Provincial Division of
the National Union of Conservative Associations.

Following the example of his father, Mr. Paget makes yachting his
principal diversion. For several years he raced with considerable
success the Herreshoff 30-footer one-design Pollywog at Newport, and
since his return to England he has successively owned and raced both in
English and Mediterranean waters, the South Coast one-design boats
Caprice, Cuekoo II, Gracie, and the 15-meter Ma'oona, carrying off the
first prize in the open handicap race from Cannes to Monte Carlo in
1902, and the Czar's prize at Cowes, in 1909.

He is a member of the Carlton, Turf, Garrick and other London clubs and
is Rear-Commodore of the Royal Thames Yacht Club, of which his father
was Commodore for many years.

The Paget family was founded by William Paget (1505-1563), who was
created first Baron Paget of Beaudesert in Staffordshire. Beaudesert has
ever since been the principal seat of the family. The first Baron Paget
was a Secretary of State under Henry VIII, and in the later years of his
reign one of the most trusted advisers of that monarch, who made him a
trustee of his will and guardian of the young prince who afterwards
reigned as Edward VI.

Many members of the family have won distinction in the military, naval
and diplomatic service of the Crown. The best known of the family was
the grandfather of Mr. Almeric Hugh Paget, Henry William, second Earl of
Uxbridge (1768-1854), who was a famous leader of cavalry under Sir John
Moore in the Peninsula War, and commanded with brilliant success the
combined forces of cavalry and horse artillery under the Duke of
Wellington at Waterloo. For his services he was created the first
Marquis of Anglesey. He was afterwards twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,
in 1828 and 1830. His son, General Lord Alfred Paget, C. B., who was Mr.
Almeric Paget's father, was for many years Equerry and Clerk Marshall to
the late Queen Victoria. He was also for some thirty years a member of
Parliament for Lichfield.

Children of PAULINE WHITNEY and ALMERIC PAGET are:

1. OLIVE CECILIA^14 PAGET, b. September 24, 1899.
2. DOROTHY WYHDHAM, b. February 21, 1905.

PAYNE^13 WHITNEY was born March 21, 1876 in New York City, New York, and
died 1927. He married HELEN HAY February 6, 1902 in Washington, D.C.,
daughter of JOHN HAY and CLARA STONE.

Notes for PAYNE WHITNEY:
Payne Whitney was prepared for college at Groton School at Groton,
Mass., and graduated from Yale in 1898 with the degree of B. A. He was
captain of the Yale crew in senior year at college. He then took the
regular course at the Harvard Law School, graduating in 1901 with the
degree of LL. B. He had previously, in the same year, been admitted to
the bar in New York.

Since his graduation Mr. Whitney has been engaged in financial
enterprises. He belongs to the University, Knickerbocker, Racquet and
Tennis and other clubs. His country house is "Greentree," at Manhasset,
L. I.

Notes for HELEN HAY:
Helen Hay Whitney was educated at the Miss Masters' school for girls at
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. She has published a number of books. among them Some
Verses, brought out in 1898, Beasts and Birds, 1899; The Little Boy
Book, 1900, Sonnets and Songs, 1905; Verses for Jack and Joan, 1906; The
Punch and Judy Book, 1906; Gypsy Verses, 1907, and The Bed-Time Book.

Children of PAYNE WHITNEY and HELEN HAY are:

1. JOAN^14 WHITNEY, b. February 5, 1903.
2. JOHN HAY WHITNEY, b. August 17, 1905.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
His ancestry: William Collins^9 WHITNEY (James Scollay^8 , Steven^7 ,
Josiah^6 Jr., [General] Josiah^5 , Richard^4 , Richard^3 , Richard^2 ,
John^1 ).

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<h3>William Collins Whitney (1841-1904)</h3>
William Collins Whitney, b. Conway, Mass., July 5, 1841, d. Feb. 2,
1904, was an American
financier and political leader. He became a corporation lawyer in New
York City and served
(1875-82) as the city's corporation counsel, helping to reorganize its
legal and financial affairs and
assisting in the prosecution of the Tweed Ring.
A strong backer of Grover Cleveland in the 1882 New York
gubernatorial campaign and the 1884
presidential contest, Whitney served President Cleveland as secretary
of the navy (1885-89),
securing legislation for the construction of armor-plated war vessels.
Bibliography: 
Hirsch, Mark D., William C. Whitney, Modern Warwick (1948;
repr. 1969)

<hr>"William Collins Whitney was born in rural Massachusetts in 1841 of
estimable lineage but
slender fortune. Educated at Yale, charming, and with a calm authority
even in his youth, he
seemed destined to a brillant future. His marriage to Flora Payne, the
vivacious though not truly
beautiful Cleveland heiress, could only have appeared to enhance his
prospects.
"Dividing his time between Washington and New York, Whitney
abandoned the road to the
White House to make a fortune of his own, while trying to accomodate
Flora's social ambitions in
a day when Mrs. Astor was queen of the "400" and "parvenus' like the
Vanderbitls were spending
millions to storm the gates. Whitney, the charmer, the mediator, the
consummate politician and a
pivotal force in Tammany and the national Democratic party, made his
fortune by methods so
subtle that they remained undiscovered in his lifetime. But he was not
to escape tragedy.
"His daughter Dorothy, an heiress to millions, was an orphan at
seventeen. A lover of
dance and society, but with a social conscience lacking in her parents
she fell in love, while
touring China, with Willard Dickerman Straight. Although negotiating
enormous banking
transactions in Peking and serving as advisor to railroad magnate E.H.
Harriman, who was
attempting to create a round-the-world transportation system by hooking
up with the
trans-siberian Railway, Straight had neither social standing nor money.
Dorothy's family was
horrified. she had rejected dozens of suitors who had both. but
Straight was handson and gifted
and, like Dorothy, had political and social ideals. She married him and
and their marriage was
touching in its closeness. Persisting in their political and social
concern, they were founders of the
The New Republic, and Dorothy was instrumental in starting the
New School for Social
Research. But their marriage, too, would be cut short."
From the flyleaf of Whitney Father, Whitney Heiress Two
generations of one of America's
richest families, by W.A. Swanberg, published by Charles Scribner's
Sons in 1980.

<hr>From
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0018.html";>http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0018.html</a>,
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0019.html";>http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0019.html</a>,
and
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0020.html:";>http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/p/a/y/Thomas-C-Payne/GENE6-0020.html:</a>
FLORA12 PAYNE (HENRY B.11, ELISHA10
PAINE,
ABRAHAM9, RUTH8 ADAMS, JOHN7,
PETER6, HENRY5, JOHN4, HENRY3,
JOHN2, ROBERT1) was born January 25, 1842 in
Cleveland, Ohio,
and died February 5, 1893 in New York City, New York. She married
WILLIAM COLLINS
WHITNEY October 20, 1869 in Cleveland, Ohio, son of JAMES WHITNEY and
LAURINDA
COLLINS.
Notes for FLORA PAYNE: 
Flora Payne Whitney was educated at private schools in America and
Europe. She took a special
course of study in science at Cambridge, Mass., under the late
Professor Louis Agassiz. During
her residence abroad she was a constant correspondent of her father,
and though written only for
his eye, her letters were of such merit Senator Payne had them
privately printed. 
Mrs. Whitney was remarkable as a social leader. Her greatest success
came during the first
administration of President Cleveland, when Mr. Whitney was Secretary
of the Navy. 
Notes for WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY: 
William Collins Whitney prepared for college at Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, Mass., and
entered Yale in 1859, graduating with honors in the Class of 1863.
Among his classmates was
William Graham Sumner, afterwards Professor of Societology at Yale.
Whitney and Sumner
shared the prize for English essays between them. Whitney, however, won
out over Sumner in the
election for class orator. He graduated from the Harvard Law School in
1865 and then entered
the law office of Judge Abraham R. Lawrence in New York City. In his
profession he was very
successful, soon acquiring a large practice. Shortly he became
interested in politics and was the
chief organizer of the Young Men's Democratic Club, an organization in
opposition to Tweed and
his ring. He soon became known to Samuel J. Tilden, and became one of
his lieutenants. Mr.
Tilden is said to have regarded him as the ablest political protege he
ever had. Whitney then
organized what was known as the Appollo Hall, and became the
unsuccessful candidate of that
body for District-Attorney in 1872. 
Becoming prominent as a leader of the County Democracy, he was
appointed inspector of
schools. He was active in the campaign of 1874 when Mr. Tilden was
elected Governor of New
York State, and Wickham Mayor of the City. The latter appointed Whitney
Corporation Counsel
of the City, a position which he held until 1832, when he returned to
private practice. His
complete reform of the office of Corporation Counsel won him much
renown. He saved the City
many millions of dollars and corrected many abuses of the Tweed regime.
He so systematized the
work of his office that he saved the City nearly two millions of
dollars in his first year. 
During the Presidential campaign of 1884, Mr. Whitney did much in
the way of organization to
secure the election of Mr. Cleveland. In March, 1885, the latter
appointed him Secretary of the
Navy. In that office he ably carried on the creation of the new
American Navy, begun under the
Naval Advisory Board appointed in 1881. His greatest achievement in
this position was the
negotiation of contracts for armor plate, which made possible the
establishment of a domestic
armor plate plant at South Bethlehem, Pa. 
After his retirement from the Cabinet, Mr. Whitney devoted himself
to financial enterprises with
very great success. 
In the Presidential campaign of 1892 Whitney's political abilities
were brought into fullest
exercise. He was himself the choice for the office of President of many
prominent Democrats,
and it is quite possible that he might have been the candidate of the
party had he been willing to
accept the nomination. Two factions were found to exist in the party
ranks, one desiring Mr.
Cleveland's re-nomination, the other organized against him. At once,
Whitney laid aside all
personal ambition and devoted himself completely to the cause of his
old chief. Delegates
instructed against Cleveland had been chosen in New York, and the
movement was growing
elsewhere. Whitney promptly invited Democratic leaders from New York
and other States to a
conference at his house in New York. No report of what passed at this
conference ever reached
the public, yet it is known that at this meeting the entire work of the
coming Chicago convention
was carefully planned, and each man's part assigned him. As a result,
at the convention everything
fell out as it had been planned, and Cleveland was nominated on the
first ballot. 
The close of this campaign marks the retirement of Mr. Whitney from
political life. He refused all
offices and continued to be absorbed in his varied business interests.
Yet in 1896 he consented to
be a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, and
exerted every influence at
his command to stem the free silver tide and prevent the nomination of
Mr. Bryan. In 1900, in
spite of the importunities of his friends he utterly refused to have
his name considered as a
Presidential nominee. 
Mr. Whitney's interests were very wide. His holdings of forest land
on Long Island, in the
Berkshires and in the Adirondacks attest his interest in the
preservation of the forests. His stable
included many of the best-known racing horses in America and England. 
Mr. Whitney's classmate and friendly Professor William Graham
Sumner, says of him, as he was
when he graduated from Yale: 
"The kind of vanity which develops ambition he seemed to lack. He
had the qualities which
constitute the power to lead men. In part these were good sense and
judgment and in part they
were graces of character. He was magnanimous, unselfish and generous.
He was generous with
money, but his generosity of mind was far more worthy. He was not at
all easily offended. He
made large allowances, or he paid no attention to those aspects of
occurrences which might have
been expected to touch his personal feeling. In fact, one
characteristic which goes far to account
for his popularity and his personal influence was that he put little
personal feeling into his relations
with other men, even when they were antagonistic. * * * The fact was
that did not care enough
for power to put forth the exertion. We all agreed, when we graduated
that his success would
depend on whether anything would stimulate him to a full development of
his powers." 
Mr. Whitney was a descendant of General Josiah Whitney of the
Revolution, who in turn was a
descendant of Sir Robert Whitney of Whitney, Herefordshire, England.
Mr. Whitney was also a
descendant of William Bradford of the Mayflower, Governor of Plymouth
Colony. 
Mr. Whitney married, a second time, in 1896, Edith Sibyl May, widow
of Colonel Arthur
Randolph of East Court, Wiltshire, England. She died May 6, 1899. 
Children of FLORA PAYNE and WILLIAM WHITNEY are: 
<ol type="i">
<li>+ HARRY PAYNE13 WHITNEY, b. April 29, 1872, New York
City, New
York.
</li>
<li>+ PAULINE PAYNE WHITNEY, b. March 21, 1874, New York City, New
York.
</li>
<li>+ PAYNE WHITNEY, b. March 21, 1876, New York City, New York; d.
1927.
</li>
<li>OLIVE WHITNEY, b. 1878; d. February 3, 1883, Paris, France.
</li>
<li>DOROTHY PAYNE WHITNEY, b. January 23, 1887, Washington, D.C.; m.
WILLARD
DICKERMAN STRAIGHT, September 6, 1911, Geneva, Switzerland.
Notes for DOROTHY PAYNE WHITNEY: 
Dorothy Payne Straight was educated at private schools, and has spent a
great part of her life
abroad. She is deeply interested in the charitable and philanthropic
work carried on in New York
City. 
Notes for WILLARD DICKERMAN STRAIGHT: 
Willard Dickerman Straight was educated at the Bordentown (N. J.)
Military Institute, and at
Cornell University, where he graduated in 1901 with the degree of
Bachelor of Architecture.
After his graduation he was appointed to a position in the Chinese
Customs Service under Sir
Robert Hart, in which position he served at Nanking and Pekin for two
years. When the Russian
war with Japan broke out he became a war correspondent for Reuter's,
and later an assistant war
correspondent for the Associated Press. In April, 1905, Mr. Straight
was appointed Vice-Consul
General at Seoul, and in 1906 was promoted to be Consul General at
Mukden. In 1908 he was
detailed for about six months as Acting Chief of the Bureau of Far
Eastern Affairs in the State
Department. 
Resigning from the State Department in June of 1909, Mr.
Straight went to China as the
representative of J. P. Morgan & Co., Kuhn, Loeb & Co., and
other American financiers, in the
negotiations respecting the Chinese loans finally taken equally by the
United States, England,
Germany and France. In this difficult business he has been amazingly
successful. 

</li>
</ol>
HARRY PAYNE13 WHITNEY was born April 29, 1872 in New York
City, New
York. He married GERTRUDE VANDERBILT August 25, 1896 in Newport, R.I.,
daughter of
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT.
Notes for HARRY PAYNE WHITNEY: 
Harry Payne Whitney prepared for college at Groton School, at Groton,
Mass. He graduated from
Yale in 1894, with the degree of B. A., taking honors in scholarship.
After graduation he spent
two years in study at the Columbia Law school. Since that time he has
been engaged in financial
enterprises many of which were organized by his father, the Hon.
William Collins Whitney. Mr.
Whitney belongs to the Knickerbocker, Union, Racquet and Tennis and
other clubs. He has been
a member of the American Polo Team in a number of international
contests, both in England and
America. His large stable of racing horses has been very successful.
Country house, Wheatley
Hills, Westbury, L. I. 
Notes for GERTRUDE VANDERBILT: 
Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney was educated at American schools. Since her
marriage to Mr.
Whitney she has spent mach time in the study and pursuit of sculpture
and has done a number of
notable works. The fountain in the patio of the Pan-American building
at Washington is one of
her best known pieces. 
(See <a
href="http://www.whitneygen.org/archives/biography/williamc.html#Gertrude";>Gertrude
Vanderbilt Whitney</a>)
Children of HARRY WHITNEY and GERTRUDE VANDERBILT are: 
<ol type="i">
<li>FLORA PAYNE14 WHITNEY, b. July 29, 1897.
</li>
<li>CORNELIUS VANDERBILT WHITNEY, b. February 20, 1899.
</li>
<li>BARBRA WHITNEY, b. March 20, 1903.
</li>
</ol>
PAULINE PAYNE13 WHITNEY was born March 21, 1874 in New York
City,
New York. She married ALMERIC HUGH PAGET November 15, 1895 in New York
City,
New York, son of ALFRED PAGET and CECELIA WYNDAHAM.
Notes for PAULINE PAYNE WHITNEY: 
Pauline (Whitney) Paget was educated in American schools. She devotes
herself to charitable
interests of many kinds. 
Notes for ALMERIC HUGH PAGET: 
Almeric Hugh Paget was educated at Harrow. Afterwards he worked in the
shops of the Midland
Railway, at Derby, Eng. In 1881 he went to America and engaged in
farming and ranching in the
Western States for several years. He then undertook commercial life in
St. Paul, Minn., and New
York City, becoming very successful. He was a founder of the Dominion
Iron and Steel
Company of Canada. 
In 1902 Mr. Paget returned to England and since then has been much
engaged in politics. He
stood as Unionist candidate for Parliament for Cambridge in the general
election of 1908, but was
defeated. In 1910 he defeated his former opponent, and still (1911)
remains a member of
Parliament for Cambridge Borough. He was High Sheriff for the County of
Suffolk in 1909. He
is identified with the Central Land Association and the Tariff Reform
League, being on the
Executive Committee of both organizations, and he is president of the
Eastern Provincial Division
of the National Union of Conservative Associations. 
Following the example of his father, Mr. Paget makes yachting his
principal diversion. For several
years he raced with considerable success the Herreshoff 30-footer
one-design Pollywog at
Newport, and since his return to England he has successively owned and
raced both in English
and Mediterranean waters, the South Coast one-design boats Caprice,
Cuekoo II, Gracie, and the
15-meter Ma'oona, carrying off the first prize in the open handicap
race from Cannes to Monte
Carlo in 1902, and the Czar's prize at Cowes, in 1909. 
He is a member of the Carlton, Turf, Garrick and other London clubs
and is Rear-Commodore of
the Royal Thames Yacht Club, of which his father was Commodore for many
years. 
The Paget family was founded by William Paget (1505-1563), who was
created first Baron Paget
of Beaudesert in Staffordshire. Beaudesert has ever since been the
principal seat of the family. The first Baron Paget was a Secretary of
State under Henry VIII, and in the later years of his
reign one of the most trusted advisers of that monarch, who made him a
trustee of his will and
guardian of the young prince who afterwards reigned as Edward VI. 
Many members of the family have won distinction in the military,
naval and diplomatic service of
the Crown. The best known of the family was the grandfather of Mr.
Almeric Hugh Paget, Henry
William, second Earl of Uxbridge (1768-1854), who was a famous leader
of cavalry under Sir
John Moore in the Peninsula War, and commanded with brilliant success
the combined forces of
cavalry and horse artillery under the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo.
For his services he was
created the first Marquis of Anglesey. He was afterwards twice Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, in
1828 and 1830. His son, General Lord Alfred Paget, C. B., who was Mr.
Almeric Paget's father,
was for many years Equerry and Clerk Marshall to the late Queen
Victoria. He was also for some
thirty years a member of Parliament for Lichfield. 
Children of PAULINE WHITNEY and ALMERIC PAGET are: 
<ol type="i">
<li>OLIVE CECILIA14 PAGET, b. September 24, 1899.
</li>
<li>DOROTHY WYHDHAM, b. February 21, 1905.
</li>
</ol>
PAYNE13 WHITNEY was born March 21, 1876 in New York City,
New York,
and died 1927. He married HELEN HAY February 6, 1902 in Washington,
D.C., daughter of
JOHN HAY and CLARA STONE.
Notes for PAYNE WHITNEY: 
Payne Whitney was prepared for college at Groton School at Groton,
Mass., and graduated from
Yale in 1898 with the degree of B. A. He was captain of the Yale crew
in senior year at college. He then took the regular course at the
Harvard Law School, graduating in 1901 with the degree
of LL. B. He had previously, in the same year, been admitted to the bar
in New York. 
Since his graduation Mr. Whitney has been engaged in financial
enterprises. He belongs to the
University, Knickerbocker, Racquet and Tennis and other clubs. His
country house is
"Greentree," at Manhasset, L. I. 
Notes for HELEN HAY: 
Helen Hay Whitney was educated at the Miss Masters' school for girls at
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. She
has published a number of books. among them Some Verses, brought out in
1898, Beasts and
Birds, 1899; The Little Boy Book, 1900, Sonnets and Songs, 1905; Verses
for Jack and Joan,
1906; The Punch and Judy Book, 1906; Gypsy Verses, 1907, and The
Bed-Time Book. 
Children of PAYNE WHITNEY and HELEN HAY are: 
<ol type="i">
<li>JOAN14 WHITNEY, b. February 5, 1903.
</li>
<li>JOHN HAY WHITNEY, b. August 17, 1905.
</li>
</ol>
<hr>
His ancestry: William Collins9 WHITNEY (James Scollay8,
Steven7, Josiah6 Jr., [General] Josiah5,
Richard4, Richard3, Richard2,
John1).
</body>
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From the Agency¡¦s perspective, there is nothing untoward in such
relationships, and any ethical questions are a matter for the journalistic
profession to resolve, not the intelligence community.
. . . . .
THE AGENCY?S DEALINGS WITH THE PRESS BEGAN during the earliest stages of the
Cold War. Allen Dulles, who became director of the CIA in 1953, sought to
establish a recruiting-and-cover capability within America¡¦s most prestigious
journalistic institutions. By operating under the guise of accredited news
correspondents, Dulles believed, CIA operatives abroad would be accorded a
degree of access and freedom of movement unobtainable under almost any other
type of cover.

American publishers, like so many other corporate and institutional leaders at
the time, were willing us commit the resources of their companies to the
struggle against ?global Communism.? Accordingly, the traditional line
separating the American press corps and government was often indistinguishable:
rarely was a news agency used to provide cover for CIA operatives abroad
without the knowledge and consent of either its principal owner; publisher or
senior editor. Thus, contrary to the notion that the CIA era and news
executives allowed themselves and their organizations to become handmaidens to
the intelligence services. "Let¡¦s not pick on some poor reporters, for God¡¦s
sake," William Colby exclaimed at one point to the Church committee¡¦s
investigators. "Let¡¦s go to the managements. They were witting". In all, about
twenty-five news organizations (including those listed at the begin
ning of this article) provided cover for the Agency.
. . . . .
Many journalists who covered World War II were close to people in the Office of
Strategic Services, the wartime predecessor of the CIA; more important, they
were all on the same side. When the war ended and many OSS officials went into
the CIA, it was only natural that these relationships would continue.
Meanwhile, the first postwar generation of journalists entered the profession;
they shared the same political and professional values as their mentors. "You
had a gang of people who worked together during World War II and never got over
it," said one Agency official. "They were genuinely motivated and highly
susceptible to intrigue and being on the inside. Then in the Fifties and
Sixties there was a national consensus about a national threat. The Vietnam War
tore everything to pieces...shredded the consensus and threw it in the air."
Another Agency official observed: "Many journalists di
dn¡¦t give a second thought to associating with the Agency. But there was a
point when the ethical
issues which most people had submerged finally surfaced. Today, a lot of these
guys vehemently deny that they had any relationship with the Agency."
. . . . .
The CIA even ran a formal training program in the 1950s to teach its agents to
be journalists. Intelligence officers were "taught to make noises like
reporters," explained a high CIA official, and were then placed in major news
organizations with help from management. "These were the guys who went through
the ranks and were told, "You¡¦re going to be a journalist," the CIA official
said. Relatively few of the 400-some relationships described in Agency files
followed that pattern, however; most involved persons who were already bona
fide journalists when they began undertaking tasks for the Agency.

The Agency¡¦s relationships with journalists, as described in CIA files,
include the following general categories:
Legitimate, accredited staff members of news organizations - usually reporters.
Some were paid; some worked for the Agency on a purely voluntary basis. . . .
Stringers and freelancers. Most were payrolled by the Agency under standard
contractual terms. . . .

Employees of so-called CIA ?proprietaries.? During the past twenty-five years,
the Agency has secretly bankrolled numerous foreign press services, periodicals
and newspapers - both English and foreign language - which provided excellent
cover for CIA operatives. . . .

Columnists and commentators. There are perhaps a dozen well-known columnists
and broadcast commentators whose relationships with the CIA go far beyond those
normally maintained between reporters and their sources. They are referred to
at the Agency as "known assets" and can be counted on to perform a variety of
undercover tasks; they are considered receptive to the Agency¡¦s point of view
on various subjects.
. . . . .
MURKY DETAILS OF CIA RELATIONSHIPS with individuals and news organizations
began trickling out in 1973 when it was first disclosed that the CIA had, on
occasion, employed journalists. Those reports, combined with new information,
serve as casebook studies of the Agency¡¦s use of journalists for intelligence
purposes.
The New York Times. The Agency¡¦s relationship with the Times was by far its
most valuable among newspapers, according to CIA officials. [It was] general
Times policy . . . to provide assistance to the CIA whenever possible.
. . . . .
CIA officials cite two reasons why the Agency?s working relationship with the
Times was closer and more extensive than with any other paper: the fact that
the Times maintained the largest foreign news operation in American daily
journalism; and the close personal ties between the men who ran both
institutions.
. . . . .
The Columbia Broadcasting System. CBS was unquestionably the CIA¡¦s most
valuable broadcasting asset. CBS president William Paley and Allen Dulles
enjoyed an easy working and social relationship. Over the years, the network
provided cover for CIA employees, including at least one well-known foreign
correspondent and several stringers; it supplied outtakes of newsfilm to the
CIA; established a formal channel of communication between the Washington
bureau chief and the Agency; gave the Agency access to the CBS newsfilm
library; and allowed reports by CBS correspondents to the Washington and New
York newsrooms to be routinely monitored by the CIA. Once a year during the
1950s and early 1960s, CBS correspondents joined the CIA hierarchy for private
dinners and briefings.

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<DIV>
<DIV>THE CIA AND THE MEDIA </DIV>
<DIV> 1 comment(s).
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="HEIGHT: 5px"><IMG height=5
src="http://bellaciao.org/en/images/rien.gif"; width=5 border=0></DIV></DIV>
<DIV align=justify>How America¡¦s Most Powerful News Media Worked Hand in Glove
with the Central Intelligence Agency and Why the Church Committee Covered It Up
BY CARL BERNSTEIN
In 1953, Joseph Alsop, then one of America¡¦s leading syndicated
columnists, went to the Philippines to cover an election. He did not go because
he was asked to do so by his syndicate. He did not go because he was asked to
do so by the newspapers that printed his column. He went at the request of the
CIA.

Alsop is one of more than 400 American journalists who in the
past twenty-five years have secretly carried out assignments for the Central
Intelligence Agency, according to documents on file at CIA headquarters. Some
of these journalists¡¦ relationships with the Agency were tacit; some were
explicit. There was cooperation, accommodation and overlap. Journalists
provided a full range of clandestine services - from simple
intelligencegathering to serving as go-betweens with spies in Communist
countries. Reporters shared their notebooks with the CIA. Editors shared their
staffs. Some of the journalists were Pulitzer Prize winners, distinguished
reporters who considered themselves ambassadors-without-portfolio for their
country. Most were less exalted: foreign correspondents who found that their
association with the Agency helped their work; stringers and freelancers who
were a
s interested it the derring-do of the spy business as in filing articles, and,
the smallest
category, full-time CIA employees masquerading as journalists abroad. In many
instances, CIA documents show, journalists were engaged to perform tasks for
the CIA with the consent of the managements America?s leading news
organizations.

The history of the CIA¡¦s involvement with the American press
continues to be shrouded by an official policy of obfuscation and deception . .
. .
Among the executives who lent their cooperation to the Agency
were William Paley of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Henry Luce of Time
Inc., Arthur Hays Sulzberger of the New York Times, Barry Bingham Sr. of the
Louisville Courier-Journal and James Copley of the Copley News Service. Other
organizations which cooperated with the CIA include the American Broadcasting
Company, the National Broadcasting Company, the Associated Press, United Pres
International, Reuters, Hearst Newspapers, Scripps-Howard, Newsweek magazine,
the Mutual Broadcasting System, the Miami Herald and the old Saturday Evening
Post and New York Herald-Tribune.
 
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By far the most valuable of these associations, according to CIA
officials, have been with the New York Times, CBS and Time Inc.
. . . . .
From the Agency¡¦s perspective, there is nothing untoward in such
relationships, and any ethical questions are a matter for the journalistic
profession to resolve, not the intelligence community.
. . . . .
THE AGENCY?S DEALINGS WITH THE PRESS BEGAN during the earliest
stages of the Cold War. Allen Dulles, who became director of the CIA in 1953,
sought to establish a recruiting-and-cover capability within America¡¦s most
prestigious journalistic institutions. By operating under the guise of
accredited news correspondents, Dulles believed, CIA operatives abroad would be
accorded a degree of access and freedom of movement unobtainable under almost
any other type of cover.

American publishers, like so many other corporate and
institutional leaders at the time, were willing us commit the resources of
their companies to the struggle against ?global Communism.? Accordingly, the
traditional line separating the American press corps and government was often
indistinguishable: rarely was a news agency used to provide cover for CIA
operatives abroad without the knowledge and consent of either its principal
owner; publisher or senior editor. Thus, contrary to the notion that the CIA
era and news executives allowed themselves and their organizations to become
handmaidens to the intelligence services. "Let¡¦s not pick on some poor
reporters, for God¡¦s sake," William Colby exclaimed at one point to the Church
committee¡¦s investigators. "Let¡¦s go to the managements. They were witting".
In all, about twenty-five news organizations (including those liste
d at the beginning of this article) provided cover for the Agency.
. . . . .
Many journalists who covered World War II were close to people in
the Office of Strategic Services, the wartime predecessor of the CIA; more
important, they were all on the same side. When the war ended and many OSS
officials went into the CIA, it was only natural that these relationships would
continue. Meanwhile, the first postwar generation of journalists entered the
profession; they shared the same political and professional values as their
mentors. "You had a gang of people who worked together during World War II and
never got over it," said one Agency official. "They were genuinely motivated
and highly susceptible to intrigue and being on the inside. Then in the Fifties
and Sixties there was a national consensus about a national threat. The Vietnam
War tore everything to pieces...shredded the consensus and threw it in the
air." Another Agency official observed: "Many
journalists didn¡¦t give a second thought to associating with the Agency. But
there was a point
when the ethical issues which most people had submerged finally surfaced.
Today, a lot of these guys vehemently deny that they had any relationship with
the Agency."
. . . . .
The CIA even ran a formal training program in the 1950s to teach
its agents to be journalists. Intelligence officers were "taught to make noises
like reporters," explained a high CIA official, and were then placed in major
news organizations with help from management. "These were the guys who went
through the ranks and were told, "You¡¦re going to be a journalist," the CIA
official said. Relatively few of the 400-some relationships described in Agency
files followed that pattern, however; most involved persons who were already
bona fide journalists when they began undertaking tasks for the Agency.

The Agency¡¦s relationships with journalists, as described in CIA
files, include the following general categories:
<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>Legitimate, accredited staff members of news organizations - usually
reporters. Some were paid; some worked for the Agency on a purely voluntary
basis. . . .
<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>Stringers and freelancers. Most were payrolled by the Agency under
standard contractual terms. . . .

<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>Employees of so-called CIA ?proprietaries.? During the past
twenty-five years, the Agency has secretly bankrolled numerous foreign press
services, periodicals and newspapers - both English and foreign language -
which provided excellent cover for CIA operatives. . . .

<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>Columnists and commentators. There are perhaps a dozen well-known
columnists and broadcast commentators whose relationships with the CIA go far
beyond those normally maintained between reporters and their sources. They are
referred to at the Agency as "known assets" and can be counted on to perform a
variety of undercover tasks; they are considered receptive to the Agency¡¦s
point of view on various subjects.
. . . . .
MURKY DETAILS OF CIA RELATIONSHIPS with individuals and news
organizations began trickling out in 1973 when it was first disclosed that the
CIA had, on occasion, employed journalists. Those reports, combined with new
information, serve as casebook studies of the Agency¡¦s use of journalists for
intelligence purposes.
<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>The New York Times. The Agency¡¦s relationship with the Times was by
far its most valuable among newspapers, according to CIA officials. [It was]
general Times policy . . . to provide assistance to the CIA whenever possible.
. . . . .
CIA officials cite two reasons why the Agency?s working
relationship with the Times was closer and more extensive than with any other
paper: the fact that the Times maintained the largest foreign news operation in
American daily journalism; and the close personal ties between the men who ran
both institutions.
. . . . .
<IMG class=spip_puce alt=- src="http://bellaciao.org/en/puce.gif";
border=0>The Columbia Broadcasting System. CBS was unquestionably the CIA¡¦s
most valuable broadcasting asset. CBS president William Paley and Allen Dulles
enjoyed an easy working and social relationship. Over the years, the network
provided cover for CIA employees, including at least one well-known foreign
correspondent and several stringers; it supplied outtakes of newsfilm to the
CIA; established a formal channel of communication between the Washington
bureau chief and the Agency; gave the Agency access to the CBS newsfilm
library; and allowed reports by CBS correspondents to the Washington and New
York newsrooms to be routinely monitored by the CIA. Once a year during the
1950s and early 1960s, CBS correspondents joined the CIA hierarchy for private
dinners and briefings.
 
More- <A
href="http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=6478";>http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=6478</A></DIV></DIV>
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propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance?not soap-boxing?please! 
These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'?with its many half-truths,
mis-directions and outright frauds?is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. 
That being said, ctrl gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always
suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. ctrl gives no credence to
Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 
 
There are two list running, ctrl@yahoogroups and CTRL@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
ctrl@yahoogroups has unlimited posting and is more for discussion.
CTRL@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx is more for informational exchange and has limited
posting abilities. 
 
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. 
 
Omimited posting abilities. 
 
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. 
 
Om</tt>
 

</body></html>

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--part1_12d.5e83b694.2fe1e19a_boundary--

From our web page at: www.nexusmagazine.com

by Will Banyan =A9 December 2004, 2005=20
Email: banyan007@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-----

THE ROUND TABLE AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The Round Table's failure to achieve its primary objective of imperial fede=
ration is a significant fact, yet it is ignored by most New World Order res=
earchers. Quigley, though, much to his credit, was not shy of addressing th=
e issue with this trenchant observation: "...whether this group succeeded i=
n transforming the British Empire into a Commonwealth of Nations or merely =
succeeded in destroying the British Empire is not clear, but one seems as l=
ikely as the other".124 Arresting Britain's decline was the ultimate goal o=
f these would-be elite conspirators, but the tide of history and the growin=
g nationalism of the dominions were against them.
Events during the First World War and the Paris Peace Conference also signa=
lled that there were growing limits to British power and Round Table influe=
nce. The catastrophic war against Germany and its allies had accelerated th=
e erosion of Britain's global position. In fact, by the start of 1917 Brita=
in was facing a financial crisis as its reserves of gold and American bonds=
became seriously depleted, impeding its ability to purchase much needed su=
pplies from the United States. Britain's financial dependence upon the US h=
ad reached such a stage by mid-1917, Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer =
had warned that US President Woodrow Wilson would soon be "in a position, i=
f he wishes, to dictate his own terms to us".125
Fortunately for Britain, Wilson stopped short of using America's financial =
power to force both sides to mediate; instead US troops joined the war agai=
nst Germany. But Wilson did exploit America's newly pre-eminent economic po=
sition to introduce on 8 January 1918, what he described as a "programme of=
the world's peace.the only possible programme." the "Fourteen Points". The=
first four points were unashamedly internationalist, calling for the aboli=
tion of secret treaties, absolute freedom of the seas, the elimination of t=
rade barriers and global disarmament. Most of the remaining points sought t=
o redress territorial disputes within Europe, except for the fourteenth poi=
nt, which set out Wilson's overall global vision: "A general association of=
nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affordi=
ng mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to=
great and small states alike".126
Wilson's proposal was subsequently realised as a "League of Nations" at the=
Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The Round Table's response to this develop=
ment is generally assumed to have been positive, although its role in the L=
eague's creation is disputed. Mainstream historians, such as Kendle, for ex=
ample, claim the Round Table "had its major wishes fulfilled when both a Le=
ague of Nations and a mandates system were established by the Peace Confere=
nce". Yet, he cautions, the Round Table's "actual effect" on the Peace Conf=
erence was "very little" and "should not be exaggerated".127 Quigley, in co=
ntrast, maintains the Round Table had "a great deal to do with the formatio=
n and management of the League of Nations and of the system of mandates".12=
8 Outside of the ivory tower, David Icke goes further to claim the Round Ta=
ble actually played a central role in the League's creation:
Through Milner, [the Round Table] was the chief influence in the British Wa=
r Cabinet of Lloyd George (Comm 300) in the First World War. It would domin=
ate the British delegation at the 'Peace' Conference of 1919, when the shap=
e of the post-war world and German reparation was being decided. It was als=
o the major power behind the creation of the League of Nations, the first a=
ttempt at world government by stealth.129

Which of these interpretations is most accurate? There is no simple answer,=
but as will become apparent, the Round Table attempted to shape the outcom=
e of the Paris Peace Conference though not in ways most would expect. In fa=
ct there was an attempt by some well-placed Round Table members to weaken t=
he League of Nations. Though that action failed, the Round Table was arguab=
ly more successful in subverting the mandates system, transforming it into =
little more than a League-approved imperialist land-grab. This period would=
also reveal how divided the Round Table had become between imperialists an=
d advocates of world government.=20

A "LITTLE BODY OF ILLUMINATI"
The Round Table had reached the apex of its political power and influence d=
uring World War I. During the years 1916 to 1919 many Round Table members o=
ccupied senior positions in the government of British Prime Minister David =
Lloyd George. This was no accident, for since January 1916 a number of key =
Round Table members, including Milner, Kerr, Dawson, Amery and Waldorf Asto=
r had begun to cultivate the ambitious Lloyd George. Dining together every =
Monday, often at Amery's residence, the primary obsession of this so-called=
"ginger group" was the need to replace the then Prime Minister, Herbert As=
quith, with "firm leadership". For most Round Table members the obvious cho=
ice as Prime Minister was Milner. However an apparently blundered attempt b=
y Dawson and Astor to convince Asquith to resign in favour of Milner merely=
paved the way for the more politically astute Lloyd George to assume the p=
rime ministership in December 1916.130
Although Milner was trumped, Lloyd George's triumph was an immediate boon t=
o the Round Table as its members joined the new government at a variety of =
levels. Milner was appointed to the five-member War Cabinet, initially as a=
minister without portfolio, but in April 1918 he became Secretary of State=
for War. Other Round Table appointments included: Philip Kerr as Lloyd Geo=
rge's private secretary and foreign policy adviser; Leo Amery as an Assista=
nt Secretary to the War Cabinet Secretariat; William Waldorf Astor was appo=
inted as Lloyd George's Personal Parliamentary Secretary; Robert Brand, alr=
eady serving on the Imperial Munitions Board based in Ottawa, was promoted =
to Deputy Chairman of the British Mission in Washington DC; and John Buchan=
joined Lloyd George's staff as Director of Information. Also joining the g=
overnment was new Round Table member Alfred Zimmern who was shifted from th=
e Ministry of Reconstruction to the Political Intelligence Department at th=
e Foreign Office in 1917. Only Lionel Curtis was excluded from Whitehall, r=
etaining his teaching position at Oxford (and travelling to India in the me=
antime) until called upon in late 1918 to join the British delegation at th=
e Paris Peace Conference.
The presence of so many Round Table members within Lloyd George's governmen=
t, in the War Cabinet, Cabinet Secretariat, the Foreign Office and especial=
ly in his private secretariat or "Garden Suburb"-so named because they were=
housed in huts constructed in the garden of 10 Downing Street-did not pass=
unnoticed. In February 1917 one British journalist wrote scathingly of a "=
little body of illuminati" from "the class of travelling empirics of Empire=
, who came in with Lord Milner" and had now taken up residence in the "Gard=
en Suburb", he argued, for the sinister purpose of "cultivat[ing] the Prime=
Minister's mind".131 Even some academic historians have concluded there wa=
s "a good deal of truth" (Lockwood) to these claims of "Fabian-like Milneri=
te penetration" (Naylor) of Lloyd George's government.132=20
More importantly, this "Milnerite" ascendancy came at the expense of the Fo=
reign Office, which "might more properly have been described as a 'passed-o=
ver' department with little influence on the policy-making process".133 Mil=
ner and his acolytes had justified their new dominance by painting the Fore=
ign Office as incompetent. According to Kerr, the Foreign Office had "no co=
nception of policy"; Amery accused it of a "general absence of definite pur=
pose"; and Milner charged that its lack of "energy and promptness of action=
" was threatening Britain's interests.134 With Lloyd George sympathetic to =
such sentiments, Round Table influence over British foreign policy only gre=
w, much to the chagrin of the Foreign Office. Thus it was not surprising th=
at in mid-1917, the Foreign Office's Permanent Undersecretary, Lord Harding=
e was privately complaining about his experienced officials being sidelined=
while "amateur diplomacy holds the field".135

A HOUSE DIVIDED
In view of the Round Table's rise to power it is ironic that it was divided=
on the question of the League of Nations. In fact some of its key members =
were deeply sceptical of Wilson's scheme. Milner had little faith in the co=
ncept, telling an associate in 1919 that he was "very doubtful about the su=
ccess of the League of Nations". He believed the League could only work "by=
virtue of the influence of the British Empire and America", but without th=
at support, "the larger League has no future".136 Milner also cautioned Llo=
yd George against relying on the "shadow" of the League of Nations at the e=
xpense of the "substance" of the British Empire.137 Amery was more scathing=
, dismissing the League on various occasions as "moonshine", "a farce", and=
a "sham structure".138 In one acerbic communication to Lord Robert Cecil-l=
ater Britain's Foreign Secretary and co-author of the League covenant-Amery=
wrote: "leagues of peace, disarmament etc are all fudge". An unimpressed C=
ecil dismissed Amery's criticisms as "pure Germanism".139=20
Philip Kerr also had his doubts about the League. In articles he had writte=
n for The Round Table during the war, Kerr had endorsed Anglo-American coop=
eration and the spread of democracy as the basis for international peace. H=
e had also focussed on recreating the so-called "Concert of Europe" that ha=
d kept the peace following the Napoleonic wars. In private discussions with=
the US Ambassador to Britain, Walter Page, Kerr had rejected the idea of a=
"peace league" in favour of a permanent great-power conference based on vo=
luntary participation, no surrender of national sovereignty and an organisa=
tion that "would have no executive authority or military power". Kerr was, =
according to Egerton, "emphatically opposed to the plans for guaranteed or =
enforced peace now being propounded by pro-league groups in Britain and Ame=
rica".140 In pursuing this course, observes Kendle, Kerr was "supported by =
the majority of the [Round Table's] London group".141=20
But this scepticism about the League was not unanimous. Lionel Curtis was a=
keen supporter of the League as was Alfred Zimmern, whom Curtis admired be=
cause his mind was "not shaped in the iron Milnerian mould". It was through=
Zimmern that Curtis had joined the League of Free Nations Association, a p=
ro-League group formed by Fabian Society member H.G. Wells.=20
The Association later joined with another group, the League of Nations Soci=
ety-also dominated by Fabians including Leonard Woolf, author of Internatio=
nal Government (1915)-to form the League of Nations Union (LNU). Curtis soo=
n became a strong presence in the LNU, convincing Wells to adopt the Round =
Table's research methods, and driving its agenda towards supporting world g=
overnment as the only means of eliminating war.142=20
The LNU later published its proposal, "The Idea of a League of Nations" in =
the Atlantic Monthly in 1919. They presented the issue as a choice between =
"a general agreement on the part of mankind to organize a permanent peace" =
and the "progressive development of the preparation for war and the means o=
f conducting war" that would "ultimately.destroy civilization". They also r=
ejected as a "delusion" the notion that war could merely be restricted rath=
er than abolished.143=20
Yet this "League of Nations project" would not only eliminate war forever, =
it would deliver "a new economic phase in history" in the form of "economic=
world-control". The League was no mere "little legal scheme", wrote Curtis=
, Zimmern and their fellow LNU collaborators, but a "proposal to change the=
life and mentality of everyone on earth".=20
They also claimed it was "fatuous" to "dream of compromises" with any "poli=
tical institutions or social methods" that stood in the way of this project=
; such obstacles were presumably to be eliminated. The demands of their "Wo=
rld-League of Nations" project were enormous and could not be diluted: "it =
is either to be a great thing in the world, an overriding idea of a greater=
state, or nothing".144=20
Curtis had already spelled out his own ideas on the League in an article fo=
r The Round Table, "The Windows of Freedom" (December 1918). Curtis made th=
ree points. First, he made an impassioned plea for Anglo-American cooperati=
on to ensure the League would function. The war had revealed to America "th=
e world is one" and that it was "now impossible" to retain its policy of is=
olation. "Having put her hand to the plough, can [America] look back?", Cur=
tis asked rhetorically. "Can she now go back to the plea that American inte=
rests are the dominating principle of her policy?"145=20
Second, he warned the League of Nations "will not constitute a world govern=
ment", and would be little more than "scaffolding" until it was composed of=
popularly elected representatives who were able to levy taxes. In fact, un=
til it had "developed the structure of a world government", a powerless Lea=
gue "plastered with phrases and made to look like stone" would become "the =
greatest danger which can threaten mankind". Although optimistic, the world=
would "live to see" a "Government speaking and acting in the name of manki=
nd". Curtis cautioned: "the hour is not yet".146 Finally, Curtis proposed a=
trusteeship system in which the League would direct certain powers to brin=
g "peace, order and good government" to those "races who cannot as yet hope=
to govern themselves" in tropical Africa and the Pacific.147=20
Zimmern's article in the same issue of The Round Table was more effusive in=
its support for the League of Nations. A true ideologue, Zimmern claimed t=
he "real work" of the "coming age" was to "moralise" states both internally=
and externally, as "[b]etter States" would create "better citizens" who we=
re "more public-spirited" and "fully-conscious of their obligations". When =
all states were dominated by such "civic dedication", only then could the "=
machinery of the League ever develop into the organic union or world-State =
to which all students of the political affairs of mankind are bound to look=
forward to".148 Continuing this theme, Zimmern averred:
It is only by the co-operation of States which have common ideals that the =
new world order can be built up, and the idea of the commonwealth, the prin=
ciple of the conscious and responsible co-operation of the citizen in the m=
aking of laws by which he is bound, is the only possible foundation for the=
world-State of the future.149=20

The other purpose of Zimmern's article was to influence the deliberations o=
f the Paris Peace Conference. Thus to achieve the third of Wilson's Fourtee=
n Points-which called for the "removal.of all economic barriers" and the gl=
obal "equality of trade conditions"-Zimmern recommended creation of a "perm=
anent commission on Commercial Practice". Much like the World Trade Organis=
ation of today, this proposed body would address "controversies on tariff d=
iscrimination, dumping and similar questions".150 Zimmern even warned of th=
e "dangers" to civilisation posed by "international syndicates" and "intern=
ational trusts" who were becoming "real and serious rivals to the power of =
free governments". Although he noted the "[m]eans.exist for controlling the=
m", it was "too early" to describe those controls.151=20
Of these it was Curtis's article-subsequently reprinted in the New York Tim=
es (21 December 1918) and published by the LNU as its first study-that was =
the most influential. General Jan Smuts and Lord Cecil, key contributors to=
the League of Nations Covenant, both drew on Curtis's paper; and it was on=
the strength of "The Windows to Freedom" Cecil had invited Curtis to join =
the League of Nations Section at the Paris Peace Conference.152 Fate though=
, had decreed that it was the League sceptics-Milner, Kerr and Amery-who ha=
d the ear of Lloyd George, not Curtis.

WEAKENING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The position of Philip Kerr is perhaps the most important in this episode a=
s he was the closest Round Table member to Lloyd George. As the private sec=
retary and foreign policy adviser to Lloyd George from 1916 to 1921, Kerr's=
influence has been much debated. Recent academic accounts paint Kerr as th=
e "gatekeeper" (MacMillan) and "intimate companion" (Warman) to Lloyd Georg=
e, who was able manipulate him with ease due to his absolute control over t=
he flow of information to the Prime Minister.153 Some contemporary observer=
s, however, suggested Kerr's influence was exaggerated. As Thomas Jones, De=
puty Secretary to the Cabinet, for example, observed in 1917: "Kerr pumps t=
hings into [Lloyd George] and he seems to agree and then he goes and does t=
he opposite".154=20
In the case of the League of Nations, however, it is clear that Kerr's infl=
uence over Lloyd George was more substantial than not. This is confirmed by=
a little-known incident in January 1919, when at Kerr's instigation Lloyd =
George attempted to force Cecil-Britain's representative at the League nego=
tiations-to make substantial changes to the League Covenant.
Kerr had been attempting for quite some time to seek Lloyd George's support=
for a less ambitious League arrangement. In December 1917, for example, Ke=
rr had suggested that Lloyd George support the creation of a "League of All=
ied Nations" based on the Supreme War Council at Versailles as the centrepi=
ece of any post-war arrangement. Kerr advocated transforming the Supreme Wa=
r Council into a "permanent international agreement" that would commit the =
Allies to enforcing the peace settlement, though they would only need to me=
et "from time to time".155=20
A particular concern of Kerr was Wilson's insistence on territorial guarant=
ees, automatic sanctions against violators of the international peace, and =
that League members would have a compulsory obligation to uphold the Covena=
nt. Kerr had repeatedly warned that "no international machinery or treaties=
" could guarantee international peace; only a less ambitious permanent conf=
erence, based in Versailles, and comprised of representatives of the "Great=
er States" could deliver.156 Kerr's influence eventually bore fruit when in=
December 1918 Lloyd George declared in a War Cabinet meeting his view that=
the League "must not be constituted as a body with executive power" but as=
a body "whose authority rested with governments".157 In short: national so=
vereignty was not to be compromised.
Unlike Lloyd George, the British representative in the League negotiations,=
Lord Robert Cecil, was more sympathetic to Wilson's vision and had prepare=
d a draft covenant-the 'Cecil-Miller' draft-to that end. It was because tha=
t draft went well beyond what the Imperial War Cabinet had authorised, that=
on 31 January 1919 Lloyd George had confronted Cecil with a list of change=
s. That list was in fact a memorandum prepared by Philip Kerr. The Kerr mem=
orandum rejected the collective security program embodied in Wilson's origi=
nal proposal for territorial guarantees and upheld by the Cecil-Miller draf=
t. Instead it argued that if the League attempted to "impose obligations" o=
n members to "go to war in certain stated conditions", it would result in t=
he "destruction of the League itself". The only real option was a system of=
"continuous consultation" among the nations of the world, with solutions t=
o each crisis to be decided on a case-by-case basis; the "paper obligations=
" the League members entered into should be "reduced to the absolute minimu=
m."158=20
Cecil, who was due to meet with Wilson in a matter of hours, chose to total=
ly disregard Lloyd George's new instructions. Believing Lloyd George's "tho=
roughly bad" plan to be part of a French plot to delay resolution of the Le=
ague question-rather than a Round Table plot to weaken the League of Nation=
s-Cecil also kept details of the confrontation secret from the American del=
egation.159=20

THE AMERICAN CONNECTION
This was perhaps a wise move on Cecil's part as Wilson was already suspicio=
us of Milner and his acolytes. In a private discussion with future Rockefel=
ler aide Raymond B. Fosdick while en route to the Paris Peace Conference, f=
or example, Wilson had dismissed Milner as "a Prussian".160 Wilson also opp=
osed the cultural formula for Anglo-American unity-the centrepiece of Cecil=
Rhodes's vision-telling a British diplomat in December 1918 the British sh=
ould not describe Americans as their cousins or brothers, as they were "nei=
ther". Due to its ethnic diversity the US could not be part of any Anglo-Sa=
xon world, Wilson argued. Only a "community of ideals and interests" could =
form the basis of an Anglo-American alliance.161=20
As chairman of the commission at Versailles charged with drawing up the Lea=
gue Covenant, and aided by a sympathetic Cecil, Wilson was in a good positi=
on to prevail. According to Knock, there was a "fair measure of congruence"=
between the original Wilson-House draft covenant of August 1918, and the c=
ovenant produced by the League Commission in February 1919. In fact it coul=
d be argued the League Covenant had been "thoroughly reconstructed along Wi=
lsonian lines".162=20
It is therefore ironic that while the London branch of the Round Table fail=
ed to make the League more compatible with British imperialism, it was a gr=
oup of Americans sympathetic to Anglo-American unity who succeeded in cripp=
ling Wilson's creation.=20
Lead by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, a majority of US Senators put forward a =
plethora of reservations. Their primary aim was to ensure that American fre=
edom of action at home or abroad would not be restricted by joining the Lea=
gue of Nations. Wilson, though, refused to compromise and on 8 March 1920, =
the US Senate rejected membership of the League Covenant.
The failure of the US to join the League has been celebrated by many New Wo=
rld Order researchers as a triumph of popular will over elite hegemony. Thi=
s might be an erroneous assumption. Lodge had long been close to former Pre=
sident Theodore Roosevelt and a number of his acolytes, including naval str=
ategist Captain Alfred T. Mahan and the author Brookes Adams. Roosevelt ope=
nly admired Cecil Rhodes's "great and striking conquest for civilisation" i=
n southern Africa, which he hoped to duplicate in Latin America and the Pac=
ific.163=20
Adams endorsed an "Anglo-Saxon coalition" to check German and Russian ambit=
ions; while Mahan advocated an "Anglo-American re-union", especially a nava=
l alliance, as the two powers "united upon the ocean" would be "all-powerfu=
l there".164=20
In the 1890s Roosevelt, Lodge, Mahan and Adams had often met in the Metropo=
litan Club in Washington DC to discuss the virtues of America becoming an i=
mperialist power.165 They were also close to the business community, especi=
ally J.P. Morgan.166 As President (1901-1909), Theodore Roosevelt had maint=
ained his imperialist impulse. Declaring himself an "expansionist" he had s=
ought to establish the US as a world power. Inevitably, until his untimely =
death in 1917, Roosevelt was one of the most vehement critics of Wilson and=
the League of Nations. Roosevelt's preference, curiously enough, was for a=
"League of Allies".
It is perhaps no coincidence that in the same month as the final Senate vot=
e that Philip Kerr wrote a lengthy piece in The Round Table finding favour =
with the Lodge-Roosevelt approach while rejecting Wilson. The League Covena=
nt had "aimed too high and too far", Kerr observed; it was also now apparen=
t that support for the League from "one of its most important members"-the =
US-was "very unlikely". In fact: "The emphasis of public sentiment in all n=
ations is now on the rights of national sovereignty, rather than on interna=
tional right."167=20
Kerr acknowledged that joining the League required "the complete abandonmen=
t of the doctrines of the Fathers of the American Republic" and credited th=
e US Senate with expressing "the real sentiment of all nations with hard-he=
aded truthfulness". Few nations were genuinely willing to subordinate their=
"national sovereignty to an international code and an international ideal"=
. The United States, Kerr wrote, had "reaffirm[ed] the principle of nationa=
l sovereignty as over-riding the ideal of world government enforcing a worl=
d interest."168=20
Believing popular support for the League was waning, Kerr argued the "prope=
r course" was to "revise and restate" Britain's League policy. He suggested=
three guidelines for Britain's League membership. Britain should: (1) avoi=
d any "general obligations"; (2) not make any commitments beyond its capabi=
lities; and (3) "definitely denounce the idea" that the League could enforc=
e its rules by "military or economic pressure on recalcitrant States". For =
Kerr there could be no alternative course because the "influence of the Lea=
gue of Nations upon British Imperial relations has for the moment been misl=
eading and dangerous".169=20

MANDATE FOR EMPIRE
One area where the imperialist faction of the Round Table did secure a vict=
ory was on the issue of League mandates. The Round Table had a key role in =
formation of the concept. Curtis had proposed a trusteeship system for "der=
elict territories", arguing that the only hope of these races who cannot as=
yet govern themselves or ever learning to do so is in tutelage by some gre=
at democratic civilised nation". Through such a system the League would "re=
nder obsolete the old, pernicious idea of empire."170 Kerr had also been co=
ntemplating the issue and was "against handing back the colonies" Britain h=
ad seized from Germany. He supported "civilised control over politically ba=
ckward peoples" as Africans and many Asians had "proved unable to govern th=
emselves". The solution he sought was for European powers to intervene and =
protect these peoples from "demoralising influences".171=20
Additional work was being done by the Round Table's primary US member, Geor=
ge Louis Beer (one of Kerr's recruits), who now served on "The Inquiry" as =
its colonial expert. Beer's correspondence with Curtis and two other Round =
Table members had produced the idea of the US having mandates over former G=
erman colonies in East Africa. At the Paris Peace Conference in December 19=
18, Beer had taken Curtis to meet with senior US representatives Colonel Ho=
use and General Tasker Bliss to sell the idea. Curtis also talked with Miln=
er, Kerr and Lloyd George as well about the proposal. Beer appeared to be s=
uccessful when Wilson announced on 30 January 1919 that the US would accept=
mandates.172=20
This moment of triumph for Beer soon unravelled when it became apparent Bri=
tain and France had already secretly divided the spoils of war. According t=
o Kendle, Milner as the newly-appointed Colonial Secretary was "at the hear=
t of things and deeply involved". This was no understatement: Milner was pe=
rsonally conducting the "out of court" negotiations with the French at the =
Paris Peace Conference.173 He was also chairman of the commission establish=
ed at the Peace Conference to draft the mandates putting him in a "commandi=
ng position".174=20
Kendle suggests that Milner was defying Round Table views on the mandate bu=
t this is doubtful for there was no firm consensus. Moreover, Milner had al=
ways been an imperialist and suddenly overcame his previous reluctance to a=
cquire new territory now that Germany was defeated. He had advocated Americ=
an acquisition of mandates as a means of establishing a "bond of union.betw=
een the United States and [Britain]". But he had little time for Wilson's d=
reams of "self-determination" and actually opposed giving the US mandates i=
n East Africa arguing that it would deprive Britain of a vital line of comm=
unication running the length of Africa.175=20
The rewards of this venture were, for Britain, France and some other powers=
, substantial. One obvious result, in the words of Lord Balfour, was "a map=
of the world with more red on it". Milner seemed untroubled by his efforts=
; but a confused Curtis suffered a nervous breakdown and retreated to Moroc=
co to recuperate.176 Beer accepted the position of chairman of the Permanen=
t Mandates Commission, even though he despised the outcome of the Peace Con=
ference. He died suddenly in March 1920. In its tribute to him the Round Ta=
ble admitted that Beer was its "American correspondent" and praised him as =
"an internationally minded man" who was "the centre of a considerable group=
of men whom his criticism and advice had a powerful influence".177 That in=
fluence, however, clearly had its limits. Whitney Shepardson, an American R=
hodes Scholar and intimate friend of Curtis, took his place.

THE "INTERNATIONAL ANGLOPHILE NETWORK"
The political defeat of the Round Table's world government faction at Paris=
merely followed the severe blows administered to the movement as a whole b=
y the First World War. The war, according to Kendle "had had a disastrous e=
ffect on the movement". Many members in the dominion branches, especially i=
n Canada and Australia, had been lost in the war. Added to the public contr=
oversy stirred up by publication of Curtis's incendiary The Problem of the =
Commonwealth, more members were lost than gained causing some groups to col=
lapse. Round Table groups in India and South Africa soon disappeared, while=
the remaining members in New Zealand succumbed to apathy.178 The movement =
was not dead, though its members moved off in different directions adapting=
to the changed world of the 1920s and 1930s.
According to Quigley, the Round Table was transformed into an "internationa=
l anglophile network". This process was led by "the mastermind", Curtis-"wh=
o established, in England and each dominion, a front organisation to the ex=
isting local Round Table Group". The main fronts were the Royal Institute f=
or International Affairs (RIIA or Chatham House) in Britain and the Council=
on Foreign Relations (CFR) and Institute for Pacific Relations (IPR) in th=
e US.179 Though mocked in some quarters, Quigley's record of events is accu=
rate on many counts.=20
In May 1919 Curtis returned to Paris where he called a meeting at the Majes=
tic Hotel. Thirty members of the British and US delegations participated. C=
urtis had proposed that a committee be formed to "prepare a scheme for the =
creation of an institute of international affairs". He justified this propo=
sal with the argument that as the Peace Conference had revealed: "Right pub=
lic opinion was mainly produced by a small number of people in real contact=
with the facts who had thought out the issues involved".=20
Curtis had then suggested creation of an "institute of international affair=
s" with "one branch in England and the other America" to ensure that expert=
opinion could be cultivated.180 Sure enough at subsequent meetings of this=
Majestic-thirty group in June 1919 the committee recommended formation of =
an "Institute of International Affairs" with two branches, one in Britain a=
nd the other the US.181=20
Out of the deliberations of this Majestic-thirty, the RIIA and CFR emerged =
to take their respective places in the British and US foreign policy establ=
ishments. They were not only were led and dominated by Round Table members =
in their early years-Curtis, Zimmern and Kerr at Chatham House, and Whitney=
Shepardson at the CFR-but subscribed to many of the Round Table's goals. "=
The foundation of Chatham House", Curtis acknowledged in 1938, "was a neces=
sary tactical change to effect the same strategic object" as the Round Tabl=
e.=20
The "time is gone", Curtis wrote to Kerr in 1936, ".to be afraid of admitti=
ng.that Chatham House was the outcome of Round Table work".182 Both organis=
ations also retained the Round Table's divisions; advocates of world govern=
ment co-existed with proponents of a world order built on an Anglo-American=
alliance.
Despite their differences, the ties between the core Round Table group memb=
ers endured in other forms, most notably the so-called "Cliveden Set". Duri=
ng the inter-war years Milner (before his death in 1925), Kerr, Brand, Daws=
on, and Curtis were regular visitors at the palatial residence of Waldorf A=
stor at Cliveden.=20
Due to the higher political circles the Astors mixed with, the suspicion th=
at greater intrigues were underway at Cliveden soon gripped the public imag=
ination. The dominant theory, advocated by Claude Cockburn, editor of the p=
olitical newsletter The Week in the 1930s, claimed there was in fact a "Cli=
veden Set" intent on appeasing Nazi Germany.=20
This was not without foundation-Philip Kerr had endorsed accommodating Nazi=
objectives in Eastern Europe, and had most of the "Set" agreeing with him =
until Nazi aggression became too serious a challenge to appease.183=20
There were other ventures involving the Round Table remnants. In the late 1=
930s Kerr and Curtis were both heavily influenced by Clarence Streit's book=
Union Now (1939). Streit, an American Rhodes Scholar and New York Times jo=
urnalist, had recommended "the union now of the United States with other De=
mocracies, under one Federal Union Government, as a practical first step to=
ward World Federal Union."184 Kerr had made many similar proposals during t=
he 1930s and in July 1939 he and Curtis had supported the establishment of =
the Federal Union movement.=20
As Britain's Ambassador to the US from 1939 to 1940, Kerr had continued to =
support closer Anglo-American co-operation. In 1940 he seemed to resurrect =
Cecil Rhodes's ideas with his advocacy of a "standing council in Washington=
representing all the states of pan-America and the British Commonwealth" a=
nd a "Pan-American British Empire Conference".185 Kerr would never see his =
vision realised, however, dying unexpectedly on 12 December 1940 while visi=
ting Britain.
As an organisation, however, the period from the 1920s onward was marked by=
the decline of the Round Table. Dawson resigned as editor of the Times in =
October 1941 and died in November 1944. Amery, increasingly impatient with =
Curtis's wild schemes, had drifted away to become a member of parliament.=20
Curtis, though, had become embroiled in a number of clashes with the new yo=
unger members of the movement who disagreed with his views. Nevertheless Cu=
rtis stuck doggedly to his faith in world government through some form of i=
mperial federation as the path to world peace; a view he maintained until h=
is death in 1955.
As for the other Round Table members, Brand and Zimmern, the shift in world=
power following World War II seemed to hasten their own shifts into obscur=
ity. The Round Table journal also changed, losing its anonymity by the 1960=
s and becoming more a venue for ideas on the Commonwealth than a platform f=
or a secretive elite clique.

A LEGACY OF DECLINE?
The Round Table's main legacy has been its unintentional role in hastening =
the replacement of the Empire with the Commonwealth of Nations. This is cle=
arly ironic, given that the aim of its members was the exact opposite, and =
reveals that their cherished propaganda methods were also somewhat less eff=
ective than they realised.=20
Moreover, the Commonwealth-being little more than a portentous name attache=
d to those dominions and colonies that once formed the British Empire-has s=
truggled to establish itself as an effective international organisation.=20
Commonwealth leaders have made many optimistic declarations about the Commo=
nwealth's pivotal global role. In 1966, Commonwealth Secretary-General Arno=
ld Smith claimed an essential global role for the Commonwealth in promoting=
more "understanding and tolerance". Smith argued, "We have to develop quic=
kly the habits and insights of co-operation on a global basis. The Commonwe=
alth gives us one of the promising instruments for this purpose". While one=
of his later successors, Chief Emeka Anyaoku, at the 1999 Commonwealth Hea=
ds of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Durban, suggested a world leadership ro=
le for the Commonwealth with his claim that, "In a very real sense the Comm=
onwealth is now a club of democracies".186=20
Yet, as a successor to the British Empire, the Commonwealth, as a number of=
commentators have ruefully observed of late, is a very poor substitute. "[=
I]t lacks much relevance in today's world.", claimed a scathing editorial i=
n the Brisbane Courier-Mail after the annual CHOGM meeting-then scheduled t=
o be held in Brisbane, Australia, in September 2001-was cancelled in the wa=
ke of the terrorist attacks on America. The Courier-Mail continued, "It can=
not enforce discipline among its own members when they abuse human and prop=
erty rights (as in Zimbabwe) or devalue their democratic institutions (as i=
n Fiji). And now it has, in effect, acknowledged that it would contribute l=
ittle to the struggle against terrorism".187=20

ANGLOSPHERE: THE RESURRECTION
The divisions within the Commonwealth, particularly between the former domi=
nions with large Anglo-Saxon populations and the former colonies where most=
of the population is indigenous, have not gone unnoticed by those seeking =
a reprise of the Rhodes-Milner vision of a racially and culturally homogeno=
us federation. In the 1950s and 1960s, for example, a number of federalists=
proposed consolidating the Anglo-Saxon members of the Commonwealth. One Ca=
nadian supporter suggested forming a "CANZUK Union", comprising Canada, Aus=
tralia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.188=20
The real initiative, though, has been taken by those seeking to resurrect t=
he original Rhodes-Stead dream of the unification of the United States with=
the British Empire. Since the 1990s an increasing number of Anglo-Saxon en=
thusiasts on both sides of the Atlantic have called for a "grouping that is=
natural rather than artificial" through "some form of unity between countr=
ies of the same legal and political-and linguistic and cultural-traditions.=
" Robert Conquest of the Hoover Institution, for example, endorsed the merg=
ing of the US with Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada into an "Engl=
ish-Speaking Union", which would act as "a model and centre from which the =
eventual progress of the entire world may proceed".189=20
Other advocates include the now-disgraced media mogul Conrad Black, politic=
al commentator John O'Sullivan, policy analyst John Hulsman, and journalist=
James Bennett. The objective is known as "Anglosphere" and proponents beli=
eve that "network civilisations" are emerging using technological innovatio=
ns in travel and communications to link nations together on the basis of cu=
lture rather than geography. One of these "network civilisations", they con=
tend, is the English-speaking Anglosphere.=20
Since 9/11 the notion of Anglosphere has gained considerable currency. More=
than a few commentators observed that the partnering of the US and Britain=
to invade Iraq in 2003 with substantial assistance from relatively few all=
ies other than Australia, made it more of an "Anglo-Saxon" exercise than an=
y of the other formulations the Bush Administration tried to popularise. Te=
nsions between Europe and Britain over its relationship with the US have al=
so contributed to this idea that Britain and America's embrace may tighten =
at the expense of the European Union. Moreover, the overtly imperialist pol=
icies of the Bush Administration have raised the spectre of an American Emp=
ire dominating the world. There is still scope for a reversal, but it seems=
that over a century after his death, the dreams of Cecil Rhodes-of Anglo-A=
merican unity and imperial expansion-have had new life breathed into them.

CONCLUSIONS
If there can be said to be an enduring bequest to the New World Order by th=
e Round Table, it is providing an organisational blueprint. The Round Table=
is arguably the father of the plethora of think-tanks and unofficial polic=
y-planning organisations we see around the world today.=20
All the features that distinguished and were pioneered by the Round Table-i=
ncluding exclusive membership, private off-the-record meetings, financial s=
upport from the business community, a focus on changing elite rather than p=
opular opinion and a high-profile periodical-have been adopted by countless=
other organisations around the world. Perhaps the most important of these =
organisational successors to the Round Table include the Council on Foreign=
Relations, Chatham House, the Trilateral Commission, the Bilderbergers and=
the World Economic Forum.
It is therefore a bitter irony of history that the Round Table organisation=
, a posthumous product of Rhodes money and idealism, which still exists and=
still publishes its periodical, should be so marginalised at a time when t=
he idea which motivated its founders has found new life. But this probably =
reflects the fundamental reality that formation and objectives of the Round=
Table were in fact "an admission of weakness". According to Norman Rose in=
his book The Cliveden Set:=20
It reflected a widespread premonition that Britain was falling behind in th=
e great power race. Anxious to keep up with the future giants, Germany and =
the United States, their projects were designed to preserve in time a statu=
s that was fast disappearing-as it happened, forever. On every count their =
game plan was doomed to failure.Dominion nationalism was on the rise.Nor wo=
uld it fade away.it flowered, leading the Commonwealth down a different roa=
d from that intended by Curtis and his followers...

By the time the Round Table had been formed in 1909, Britain's moment as a =
great power had already passed. As this series has sought to illustrate, de=
spite their valiant and conspiratorial efforts, Rhodes, Milner, Curtis and =
their cohorts were too late to save the Empire and create the English-speak=
ing union that they believed would bring peace to the world. Instead, prima=
ry responsibility for establishing the New World Order was to fall to elite=
groups within the United States. Britain's destiny then, as now, was to be=
come a junior partner in a program for global control largely devised and i=
mplemented from Washington DC, rather than in London.

Pax Americana was the future. Britannia would rule no more.

Go to Part 1 - Go to Part 2 - Go to Part 3=20

About the Author:
Will Banyan, BA (Hons), GradDip (Information Science), is a writer speciali=
sing in the political economy of globalisation. He has worked for local and=
national governments as well as some international organisations and the p=
rivate sector. He is currently working on a revisionist history of the New =
World Order and an analysis of the War on Terror.=20
Banyan's six-part series, "Rockefeller Internationalism", was published in =
NEXUS 10/03-11/02. He has also published papers at the Modern History Proje=
ct website. Will Banyan can be contacted by email at banyan007@xxxxxxxxxxxx=
om.

Endnotes
124. Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time,=
(Angriff Press, 1974) pp.144, 146.
125. David Dimbleby & David Reynolds, An Ocean Apart: The Relationship Betw=
een Britain and America in the Twentieth Century, (BBC Books, 1988), p.52.
126. Wilson quoted in Thomas J. Knock, To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and =
the Quest for a New World Order, (Princeton University Press, 1992), pp.143=
-144.
127. Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.249, 259.
128. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment: From Rhodes to Cliv=
eden, (Books in Focus, 1981), p.5.
129. David Icke, .and the truth shall set you free, (Gateway Books, 1995), =
p.63 (emphasis added).
130. See Rose, The Cliveden Set,pp.95-96.
131. Quoted in J.A. Turner, "The Formation of Lloyd George's 'Garden Suburb=
': 'Fabian-Like Milnerite' Penetration?", Historical Journal, March 1977, p=
.165.
132. P.A. Lockwood, "Milner's Entry into the War Cabinet, December 1916", H=
istorical Journal, Vol. VIII (1964), p.133; and John F. Naylor, "The Establ=
ishment of the Cabinet Secretariat", Historical Journal, December 1971, p.7=
93.
133. Roberta M. Warman, "The Erosion of Foreign Office Influence in the Mak=
ing of Foreign Policy, 1916-1918", Historical Journal, March 1972, p.133.
134. Quotes in ibid, pp.138 (Kerr), 154 (Amery), & 144 (Milner).
135. Quoted in ibid, p.157.
136. Quoted in Marlowe, Milner: Apostle of Empire, p.336.
137. Quoted in George Egerton, "Imperialism, Atlanticism, and International=
ism: Philip Kerr and the League of Nations Question, 1916-1920", Annals of =
the Lothian Foundation I (1) 1991 at=20
138. Amery quoted in George W. Egerton, "The Lloyd George Government and th=
e Creation of the League of Nations", American Historical Review, April 197=
4, p.425; and Leo Amery, My Political Life, Volume II, War and Peace 1914-1=
929, (Hutchinson, 1953), pp.162, 163.
139. Amery to Cecil 23 December 1916 and Cecil to Amery, undated, in John B=
arnes and David Nicholson, eds, The Leo Amery Diaries, Volume I: 1896-1929,=
(Hutchinson, 19??), pp.133-134.
140. Egerton, "Philip Kerr and the League of Nations Question" (including K=
err quotes); Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.249-250.
141. Kendle, ibid, p.252.
142. Lavin, From Empire to International Commonwealth, pp.158-159 (includin=
g Curtis quote).
143. H.G. Wells, H. Wickham Steed, Viscount Grey, Gilbert Murray, Lionel Cu=
rtis, J.A. Spender, William Archer, A.E. Zimmern and Viscount Bryce, "The I=
dea of a League of Nations (Part One)", The Atlantic Monthly, January 1919 =
at www.theatlantic.com.
144. H.G. Wells et al, "The Idea of a League of Nations (Part Two)", The At=
lantic Monthly, February 1919 at www.theatlantic.com.
145. [Lionel Curtis], "The Windows of Freedom", The Round Table, December 1=
918, pp.5, 33.
146. ibid, p.25 & 18.
147. ibid, pp.32-33.
148. [Alfred Zimmern], "Some Principles and Problems of the Settlement", Th=
e Round Table, December 1918, p.90 (emphasis added).
149. ibid, pp.91-92 (emphasis added).
150. ibid, pp.98-99.
151. ibid, pp.105-106.
152. Lavin, From Empire to International Commonwealth, p.161.
153. Margaret MacMillan, Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its =
Attempt to End War, (John Murray, 2001), p.49; and Warman, "Foreign Office =
Influence", p.138.
154. Quoted in Priscilla Roberts, "Lord Lothian and the Atlantic World", Th=
e Historian, Spring 2004, p.98. Jones (1870-1955) was Deputy Secretary to t=
he Cabinet from 1916 to 1930.
155. Quotes in Egerton, "Philip Kerr and the League of Nations Question".
156. Quoted in George W. Egerton, "Ideology, Diplomacy, and International O=
rganisation: Wilsonism and the League of Nations in Anglo-American Relation=
s, 1918-1920", in B.J.C. McKercher, Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s: =
The Struggle for Supremacy, (MacMillan, 1991), pp.25-26.
157. Quoted in George Egerton, "Conservative Internationalism: British Appr=
oaches to International Organization and the Creation of the League of Nati=
ons", Diplomacy & Statecraft, March 1994, pp.8-9.
158. Quotes in Egerton, ibid, pp.17-19; and Egerton, "Ideology, Diplomacy, =
and International Organisation", p.37.
159. Quote in Knock, To End All Wars, p.215; and Egerton, "Ideology, Diplom=
acy and International Organisation", p.37.
160. Quoted in "From the Diary of William Christian Bullitt, 11 December 19=
18," in Arthur S. Link et al, The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, Vol. 53, (Princ=
eton University Press, 1986), pp.366-367.
161. Quoted in MacMillan, Peacemakers, p.29.
162. Knock, To End All Wars, p.224-225.
163. Quoted in William N. Tilchin, Theodore Roosevelt and the British Empir=
e: A Study in Presidential Statecraft, (St. Martin's Press, 1997), pp.18-19=
, 24.
164. Adams quoted in Howard K. Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of Am=
erica to World Power, (John Hopkins Press, 1956), p.78; Alfred T. Mahan, "P=
ossibilities of an Anglo-American Reunion", North American Review, November=
1894, p.558, 559, 555 & 560.
165. [Philip Kerr], "The British Empire, The League of Nations, and the Uni=
ted States", The Round Table, March 1920, pp.225, 226 (emphasis added).
166. ibid, pp.232-235 (emphasis added).
167. ibid, pp.246-247.
168. [Curtis], "Windows of Freedom", pp.25, 33.
169. Quoted in Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.2254-255.
170. Wm. Roger Louis, "The United States and the African Peace Settlement o=
f 1919: The Pilgramage of George Louis Beer", Journal of African History, V=
ol. IV No.3 (1963), pp.417-418.
171. See Wm. Roger Louis, "Great Britain and the African Peace Settlement o=
f 1919", The American Historical Review, April 1966, p.885.
172. Kendle, The Round Table Movement, p.259.
173. Quoted in Louis, "Great Britain", p.878.
174. Balfour quotedi n Louis, ibid, p.892; Kendle, The Round Table Movement=
, p.259.
175. "George Louis Beer", The Round Table, June 1920, pp.934-935.
176. Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.260-263.
177. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, pp.950, 951-952.
178. Quoted in M.L.Dockrill, "The Foreign Office and the 'Proposed Institut=
e of International Affairs 1919'", International Affairs, Autumn 1980, pp.6=
65-667.
179. ibid, pp.667-668.
180. Quoted in Inderjeet Parmar, "Anglo-American Elites in the Interwar Yea=
rs: Idealism and Power in the Intellectual Roots of Chatham House and the C=
ouncil on Foreign Relations", International Relations, Vol.16 No.1 (2002), =
p.56.
181. See Rose, The Cliveden Set, pp. 150-152, 169-173.
182. Quoted in Kendle, The Round Table Movement, p.293.
183. Quoted in Roberts, "Lord Lothian", p.125.
184. Smith quoted in W.D. McIntyre, Colonies into Commonwealth, (Blandford =
Press, 1968), pp.358-359; Anyaoku quoted in Derek Ingram, "Commonwealth mov=
es to deepen democracy", Post-Courier (Port Moresby), 3 February 2000, p.11=
.
185. "CHOGM succumbs to reality", The Courier Mail (Brisbane), 29 September=
2001, p.29.
186. McIntyre, Colonies Into Commonwealth, p.340.
187. Robert Conquest, "Towards an English-Speaking Union", The National Int=
erest, Fall 1999, pp.64, 70.
188. See James C. Bennett, "Anglosphere: Limits to Globalization?", The Was=
hington Times, 9 February 2002.
189. Rose, The Cliveden Set, p.215 (emphasis added).

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<DIV>
<H1>A Short History of The Round Table </H1>
<H4>Divided in its reaction to the League of Nations, the Round Table strug=
gled=20
to control events, but its moment was already passing, as was=20
Britain's... Part 4 of 4</H4>
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<DIV class=3DHEAD>
Extracted from Nexus Magazine, <A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/backissues/1204.conts.html";>Volume 12,=
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<HR>

 THE ROUND TABLE AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS The Ro=
und=20
Table's failure to achieve its primary objective of imperial federation is =
a=20
significant fact, yet it is ignored by most New World Order researchers.=20
Quigley, though, much to his credit, was not shy of addressing the issue wi=
th=20
this trenchant observation: "...whether this group succeeded in transformin=
g the=20
British Empire into a Commonwealth of Nations or merely succeeded in destro=
ying=20
the British Empire is not clear, but one seems as likely as the other".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#124"=
>124</A><A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#";></=
A>=20
Arresting Britain's decline was the ultimate goal of these would-be elite=20
conspirators, but the tide of history and the growing nationalism of the=20
dominions were against them. Events during the First World War and the P=
aris=20
Peace Conference also signalled that there were growing limits to British p=
ower=20
and Round Table influence. The catastrophic war against Germany and its all=
ies=20
had accelerated the erosion of Britain's global position. In fact, by the s=
tart=20
of 1917 Britain was facing a financial crisis as its reserves of gold and=20
American bonds became seriously depleted, impeding its ability to purchase =
much=20
needed supplies from the United States. Britain's financial dependence upon=
the=20
US had reached such a stage by mid-1917, Britain's Chancellor of the Excheq=
uer=20
had warned that US President Woodrow Wilson would soon be "in a position, i=
f he=20
wishes, to dictate his own terms to us".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#125"=
>125</A> Fortunately=20
for Britain, Wilson stopped short of using America's financial power to for=
ce=20
both sides to mediate; instead US troops joined the war against Germany. Bu=
t=20
Wilson did exploit America's newly pre-eminent economic position to introdu=
ce on=20
8 January 1918, what he described as a "programme of the world's peace=85th=
e only=20
possible programme=85" the "Fourteen Points". The first four points were=20
unashamedly internationalist, calling for the abolition of secret treaties,=
=20
absolute freedom of the seas, the elimination of trade barriers and global=
=20
disarmament. Most of the remaining points sought to redress territorial dis=
putes=20
within Europe, except for the fourteenth point, which set out Wilson's over=
all=20
global vision: "A general association of nations must be formed under speci=
fic=20
covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political=20
independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike".<A=
=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#126"=
>126</A> Wilson's=20
proposal was subsequently realised as a "League of Nations" at the Paris Pe=
ace=20
Conference in 1919. The Round Table's response to this development is gener=
ally=20
assumed to have been positive, although its role in the League's creation i=
s=20
disputed. Mainstream historians, such as Kendle, for example, claim the Rou=
nd=20
Table "had its major wishes fulfilled when both a League of Nations and a=20
mandates system were established by the Peace Conference". Yet, he cautions=
, the=20
Round Table's "actual effect" on the Peace Conference was "very little" and=
=20
"should not be exaggerated".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#127"=
>127</A>=20
Quigley, in contrast, maintains the Round Table had "a great deal to do wit=
h the=20
formation and management of the League of Nations and of the system of=20
mandates".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#128"=
>128</A>=20
Outside of the ivory tower, David Icke goes further to claim the Round Tabl=
e=20
actually played a central role in the League's creation: Through Mil=
ner,=20
[the Round Table] was the chief influence in the British W=
ar=20
Cabinet of Lloyd George (Comm 300) in the First World War. It would=20
dominate the British delegation at the 'Peace' Conference =
of=20
1919, when the shape of the post-war world and German reparation was being=
=20
decided. It was also the major power behind the creation o=
f the=20
League of Nations, the first attempt at world government by stealth.<A=
=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#129"=
>129</A>
Which of these interpretations is most accurate? There is no simple answ=
er,=20
but as will become apparent, the Round Table attempted to shape the outcome=
of=20
the Paris Peace Conference though not in ways most would expect. In fact th=
ere=20
was an attempt by some well-placed Round Table members to weaken t=
he=20
League of Nations. Though that action failed, the Round Table was arguably =
more=20
successful in subverting the mandates system, transforming it into little m=
ore=20
than a League-approved imperialist land-grab. This period would also reveal=
how=20
divided the Round Table had become between imperialists and advocates of wo=
rld=20
government. 
A "LITTLE BODY OF ILLUMINATI" The Round Table had re=
ached=20
the apex of its political power and influence during World War I. During th=
e=20
years 1916 to 1919 many Round Table members occupied senior positions in th=
e=20
government of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. This was no accide=
nt,=20
for since January 1916 a number of key Round Table members, including Milne=
r,=20
Kerr, Dawson, Amery and Waldorf Astor had begun to cultivate the ambitious =
Lloyd=20
George. Dining together every Monday, often at Amery's residence, the prima=
ry=20
obsession of this so-called "ginger group" was the need to replace the then=
=20
Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith, with "firm leadership". For most Round Tab=
le=20
members the obvious choice as Prime Minister was Milner. However an apparen=
tly=20
blundered attempt by Dawson and Astor to convince Asquith to resign in favo=
ur of=20
Milner merely paved the way for the more politically astute Lloyd George to=
=20
assume the prime ministership in December 1916.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#130"=
>130</A> Although=20
Milner was trumped, Lloyd George's triumph was an immediate boon to the Rou=
nd=20
Table as its members joined the new government at a variety of levels. Miln=
er=20
was appointed to the five-member War Cabinet, initially as a minister witho=
ut=20
portfolio, but in April 1918 he became Secretary of State for War. Other Ro=
und=20
Table appointments included: Philip Kerr as Lloyd George's private secretar=
y and=20
foreign policy adviser; Leo Amery as an Assistant Secretary to the War Cabi=
net=20
Secretariat; William Waldorf Astor was appointed as Lloyd George's Personal=
=20
Parliamentary Secretary; Robert Brand, already serving on the Imperial Muni=
tions=20
Board based in Ottawa, was promoted to Deputy Chairman of the British Missi=
on in=20
Washington DC; and John Buchan joined Lloyd George's staff as Director of=20
Information. Also joining the government was new Round Table member Alfred=
=20
Zimmern who was shifted from the Ministry of Reconstruction to the Politica=
l=20
Intelligence Department at the Foreign Office in 1917. Only Lionel Curtis w=
as=20
excluded from Whitehall, retaining his teaching position at Oxford (and=20
travelling to India in the meantime) until called upon in late 1918 to join=
the=20
British delegation at the Paris Peace Conference. The presence of so man=
y=20
Round Table members within Lloyd George's government, in the War Cabinet,=20
Cabinet Secretariat, the Foreign Office and especially in his private=20
secretariat or "Garden Suburb"=97so named because they were housed in huts=
=20
constructed in the garden of 10 Downing Street=97did not pass unnoticed. In=
=20
February 1917 one British journalist wrote scathingly of a "little body of=
=20
illuminati" from "the class of travelling empirics of Empire, who came in w=
ith=20
Lord Milner" and had now taken up residence in the "Garden Suburb", he argu=
ed,=20
for the sinister purpose of "cultivat[ing] the Prime Minister's mind".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#131"=
>131</A>=20
Even some academic historians have concluded there was "a good deal of trut=
h"=20
(Lockwood) to these claims of "Fabian-like Milnerite penetration" (Naylor) =
of=20
Lloyd George's government.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#132"=
>132</A>=20
 More importantly, this "Milnerite" ascendancy came at the expense of th=
e=20
Foreign Office, which "might more properly have been described as a=20
'passed-over' department with little influence on the policy-making process=
".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#133"=
>133</A>=20
Milner and his acolytes had justified their new dominance by painting the=20
Foreign Office as incompetent. According to Kerr, the Foreign Office had "n=
o=20
conception of policy"; Amery accused it of a "general absence of definite=20
purpose"; and Milner charged that its lack of "energy and promptness of act=
ion"=20
was threatening Britain's interests.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#134"=
>134</A>=20
With Lloyd George sympathetic to such sentiments, Round Table influence ove=
r=20
British foreign policy only grew, much to the chagrin of the Foreign Office=
.=20
Thus it was not surprising that in mid-1917, the Foreign Office's Permanent=
=20
Undersecretary, Lord Hardinge was privately complaining about his experienc=
ed=20
officials being sidelined while "amateur diplomacy holds the field".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#135"=
>135</A>
A HOUSE DIVIDED In view of the Round Table's rise to=
=20
power it is ironic that it was divided on the question of the League of Nat=
ions.=20
In fact some of its key members were deeply sceptical of Wilson's scheme. M=
ilner=20
had little faith in the concept, telling an associate in 1919 that he was "=
very=20
doubtful about the success of the League of Nations". He believed the Leagu=
e=20
could only work "by virtue of the influence of the British Empire and Ameri=
ca",=20
but without that support, "the larger League has no future".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#136"=
>136</A>=20
Milner also cautioned Lloyd George against relying on the "shadow" of the L=
eague=20
of Nations at the expense of the "substance" of the British Empire.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#137"=
>137</A>=20
Amery was more scathing, dismissing the League on various occasions as=20
"moonshine", "a farce", and a "sham structure".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#138"=
>138</A>=20
In one acerbic communication to Lord Robert Cecil=97later Britain's Foreign=
=20
Secretary and co-author of the League covenant=97Amery wrote: "leagues of p=
eace,=20
disarmament etc are all fudge". An unimpressed Cecil dismissed Amery's=20
criticisms as "pure Germanism".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#139"=
>139</A>=20
 Philip Kerr also had his doubts about the League. In articles he had wr=
itten=20
for The Round Table during the war, Kerr had endorsed Anglo-Americ=
an=20
cooperation and the spread of democracy as the basis for international peac=
e. He=20
had also focussed on recreating the so-called "Concert of Europe" that had =
kept=20
the peace following the Napoleonic wars. In private discussions with the US=
=20
Ambassador to Britain, Walter Page, Kerr had rejected the idea of a "peace=
=20
league" in favour of a permanent great-power conference based on voluntary=
=20
participation, no surrender of national sovereignty and an organisation tha=
t=20
"would have no executive authority or military power". Kerr was, according =
to=20
Egerton, "emphatically opposed to the plans for guaranteed or enforced peac=
e now=20
being propounded by pro-league groups in Britain and America".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#140"=
>140</A>=20
In pursuing this course, observes Kendle, Kerr was "supported by the majori=
ty of=20
the [Round Table's] London group".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#141"=
>141</A>=20
 But this scepticism about the League was not unanimous. Lionel Curtis w=
as a=20
keen supporter of the League as was Alfred Zimmern, whom Curtis admired bec=
ause=20
his mind was "not shaped in the iron Milnerian mould". It was through Zimme=
rn=20
that Curtis had joined the League of Free Nations Association, a pro-League=
=20
group formed by Fabian Society member H.G. Wells. The Association later=
=20
joined with another group, the League of Nations Society=97also dominated b=
y=20
Fabians including Leonard Woolf, author of International Government</EM=
>=20
(1915)=97to form the League of Nations Union (LNU). Curtis soon became a st=
rong=20
presence in the LNU, convincing Wells to adopt the Round Table's research=20
methods, and driving its agenda towards supporting world government as the =
only=20
means of eliminating war.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#142"=
>142</A>=20
 The LNU later published its proposal, "The Idea of a League of Nations"=
in=20
the Atlantic Monthly in 1919. They presented the issue as a choice=
=20
between "a general agreement on the part of mankind to organize a permanent=
=20
peace" and the "progressive development of the preparation for war and the =
means=20
of conducting war" that would "ultimately=85destroy civilization". They als=
o=20
rejected as a "delusion" the notion that war could merely be restricted rat=
her=20
than abolished.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#143"=
>143</A>=20
 Yet this "League of Nations project" would not only eliminate war forev=
er,=20
it would deliver "a new economic phase in history" in the form of "economic=
=20
world-control". The League was no mere "little legal scheme", wrote Curtis,=
=20
Zimmern and their fellow LNU collaborators, but a "proposal to change the l=
ife=20
and mentality of everyone on earth". They also claimed it was "fatuous"=
to=20
"dream of compromises" with any "political institutions or social methods" =
that=20
stood in the way of this project; such obstacles were presumably to be=20
eliminated. The demands of their "World-League of Nations" project were eno=
rmous=20
and could not be diluted: "it is either to be a great thing in the world, a=
n=20
overriding idea of a greater state, or nothing".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#144"=
>144</A>=20
 Curtis had already spelled out his own ideas on the League in an articl=
e for=20
The Round Table, "The Windows of Freedom" (December 1918). Curtis =
made=20
three points. First, he made an impassioned plea for Anglo-American coopera=
tion=20
to ensure the League would function. The war had revealed to America "the w=
orld=20
is one" and that it was "now impossible" to retain its policy of isolation.=
=20
"Having put her hand to the plough, can [America] look back?", Curtis asked=
=20
rhetorically. "Can she now go back to the plea that American interests are =
the=20
dominating principle of her policy?"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#145"=
>145</A>=20
 Second, he warned the League of Nations "will not constitute a world=20
government", and would be little more than "scaffolding" until it was compo=
sed=20
of popularly elected representatives who were able to levy taxes. In fact, =
until=20
it had "developed the structure of a world government", a powerless League=
=20
"plastered with phrases and made to look like stone" would become "the grea=
test=20
danger which can threaten mankind". Although optimistic, the world would "l=
ive=20
to see" a "Government speaking and acting in the name of mankind". Curtis=20
cautioned: "the hour is not yet".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#146"=
>146</A>=20
Finally, Curtis proposed a trusteeship system in which the League would dir=
ect=20
certain powers to bring "peace, order and good government" to those "races =
who=20
cannot as yet hope to govern themselves" in tropical Africa and the Pacific=
.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#147"=
>147</A>=20
 Zimmern's article in the same issue of The Round Table was mor=
e=20
effusive in its support for the League of Nations. A true ideologue, Zimmer=
n=20
claimed the "real work" of the "coming age" was to "moralise" stat=
es=20
both internally and externally, as "[b]etter States" would create "better=20
citizens" who were "more public-spirited" and "fully-conscious of their=20
obligations". When all states were dominated by such "civic dedication", on=
ly=20
then could the "machinery of the League ever develop into the organic union=
or=20
world-State to which all students of the political affairs of mankind are b=
ound=20
to look forward to".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#148"=
>148</A>=20
Continuing this theme, Zimmern averred: It is only by the co-operati=
on of=20
States which have common ideals that the new world order c=
an be=20
built up, and the idea of the commonwealth, the principle of the conscious =
and=20
responsible co-operation of the citizen in the making of laws by which he i=
s=20
bound, is the only possible foundation for the world-State of the=20
future.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#149"=
>149</A>=20

The other purpose of Zimmern's article was to influence the deliberation=
s of=20
the Paris Peace Conference. Thus to achieve the third of Wilson's Fourteen=
=20
Points=97which called for the "removal=85of all economic barriers" and the =
global=20
"equality of trade conditions"=97Zimmern recommended creation of a "permane=
nt=20
commission on Commercial Practice". Much like the World Trade Organisation =
of=20
today, this proposed body would address "controversies on tariff discrimina=
tion,=20
dumping and similar questions".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#150"=
>150</A>=20
Zimmern even warned of the "dangers" to civilisation posed by "internationa=
l=20
syndicates" and "international trusts" who were becoming "real and serious=
=20
rivals to the power of free governments". Although he noted the "[m]eans=85=
exist=20
for controlling them", it was "too early" to describe those controls.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#151"=
>151</A>=20
 Of these it was Curtis's article=97subsequently reprinted in the Ne=
w York=20
Times (21 December 1918) and published by the LNU as its first study=
=97that=20
was the most influential. General Jan Smuts and Lord Cecil, key contributor=
s to=20
the League of Nations Covenant, both drew on Curtis's paper; and it was on =
the=20
strength of "The Windows to Freedom" Cecil had invited Curtis to join the L=
eague=20
of Nations Section at the Paris Peace Conference.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#152"=
>152</A>=20
Fate though, had decreed that it was the League sceptics=97Milner, Kerr and=
=20
Amery=97who had the ear of Lloyd George, not Curtis.
WEAKENING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS The position of Phil=
ip=20
Kerr is perhaps the most important in this episode as he was the closest Ro=
und=20
Table member to Lloyd George. As the private secretary and foreign policy=20
adviser to Lloyd George from 1916 to 1921, Kerr's influence has been much=20
debated. Recent academic accounts paint Kerr as the "gatekeeper" (MacMillan=
) and=20
"intimate companion" (Warman) to Lloyd George, who was able manipulate him =
with=20
ease due to his absolute control over the flow of information to the Prime=
=20
Minister.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#153"=
>153</A>=20
Some contemporary observers, however, suggested Kerr's influence was=20
exaggerated. As Thomas Jones, Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet, for example,=
=20
observed in 1917: "Kerr pumps things into [Lloyd George] and he seems to ag=
ree=20
and then he goes and does the opposite".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#154"=
>154</A>=20
 In the case of the League of Nations, however, it is clear that Kerr's=
=20
influence over Lloyd George was more substantial than not. This is confirme=
d by=20
a little-known incident in January 1919, when at Kerr's instigation Lloyd G=
eorge=20
attempted to force Cecil=97Britain's representative at the League negotiati=
ons=97to=20
make substantial changes to the League Covenant. Kerr had been attemptin=
g for=20
quite some time to seek Lloyd George's support for a less ambitious League=
=20
arrangement. In December 1917, for example, Kerr had suggested that Lloyd G=
eorge=20
support the creation of a "League of Allied Nations" based on the Supreme W=
ar=20
Council at Versailles as the centrepiece of any post-war arrangement. Kerr=
=20
advocated transforming the Supreme War Council into a "permanent internatio=
nal=20
agreement" that would commit the Allies to enforcing the peace settlement,=
=20
though they would only need to meet "from time to time".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#155"=
>155</A>=20
 A particular concern of Kerr was Wilson's insistence on territorial=20
guarantees, automatic sanctions against violators of the international peac=
e,=20
and that League members would have a compulsory obligation to uphold the=20
Covenant. Kerr had repeatedly warned that "no international machinery or=20
treaties" could guarantee international peace; only a less ambitious perman=
ent=20
conference, based in Versailles, and comprised of representatives of the=20
"Greater States" could deliver.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#156"=
>156</A>=20
Kerr's influence eventually bore fruit when in December 1918 Lloyd George=20
declared in a War Cabinet meeting his view that the League "must not be=20
constituted as a body with executive power" but as a body "whose authority=
=20
rested with governments".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#157"=
>157</A>=20
In short: national sovereignty was not to be compromised. Unlik=
e=20
Lloyd George, the British representative in the League negotiations, Lord R=
obert=20
Cecil, was more sympathetic to Wilson's vision and had prepared a draft=20
covenant=97the 'Cecil-Miller' draft=97to that end. It was because that draf=
t went=20
well beyond what the Imperial War Cabinet had authorised, that on 31 Januar=
y=20
1919 Lloyd George had confronted Cecil with a list of changes. That list wa=
s in=20
fact a memorandum prepared by Philip Kerr. The Kerr memorandum rejected the=
=20
collective security program embodied in Wilson's original proposal for=20
territorial guarantees and upheld by the Cecil-Miller draft. Instead it arg=
ued=20
that if the League attempted to "impose obligations" on members to "go to w=
ar in=20
certain stated conditions", it would result in the "destruction of the Leag=
ue=20
itself". The only real option was a system of "continuous consultation" amo=
ng=20
the nations of the world, with solutions to each crisis to be decided on a=
=20
case-by-case basis; the "paper obligations" the League members entered into=
=20
should be "reduced to the absolute minimum=85"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#158"=
>158</A>=20
 Cecil, who was due to meet with Wilson in a matter of hours, chose to=20
totally disregard Lloyd George's new instructions. Believing Lloyd George's=
=20
"thoroughly bad" plan to be part of a French plot to delay resolution of th=
e=20
League question=97rather than a Round Table plot to weaken the League of=20
Nations=97Cecil also kept details of the confrontation secret from the Amer=
ican=20
delegation.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#159"=
>159</A>=20

THE AMERICAN CONNECTION This was perhaps a wise move=
on=20
Cecil's part as Wilson was already suspicious of Milner and his acolytes. I=
n a=20
private discussion with future Rockefeller aide Raymond B. Fosdick while en=
=20
route to the Paris Peace Conference, for example, Wilson had dismissed Miln=
er as=20
"a Prussian".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#160"=
>160</A>=20
Wilson also opposed the cultural formula for Anglo-American unity=97the=20
centrepiece of Cecil Rhodes's vision=97telling a British diplomat in Decemb=
er 1918=20
the British should not describe Americans as their cousins or brothers, as =
they=20
were "neither". Due to its ethnic diversity the US could not be part of any=
=20
Anglo-Saxon world, Wilson argued. Only a "community of ideals and interests=
"=20
could form the basis of an Anglo-American alliance.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#161"=
>161</A>=20
 As chairman of the commission at Versailles charged with drawing up the=
=20
League Covenant, and aided by a sympathetic Cecil, Wilson was in a good pos=
ition=20
to prevail. According to Knock, there was a "fair measure of congruence" be=
tween=20
the original Wilson-House draft covenant of August 1918, and the covenant=20
produced by the League Commission in February 1919. In fact it could be arg=
ued=20
the League Covenant had been "thoroughly reconstructed along Wilsonian line=
s".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#162"=
>162</A>=20
 It is therefore ironic that while the London branch of the Round Table=
=20
failed to make the League more compatible with British imperialism, it was =
a=20
group of Americans sympathetic to Anglo-American unity who succeeded in=20
crippling Wilson's creation. Lead by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, a major=
ity=20
of US Senators put forward a plethora of reservations. Their primary aim wa=
s to=20
ensure that American freedom of action at home or abroad would not be restr=
icted=20
by joining the League of Nations. Wilson, though, refused to compromise and=
on 8=20
March 1920, the US Senate rejected membership of the League Covenant. Th=
e=20
failure of the US to join the League has been celebrated by many New World =
Order=20
researchers as a triumph of popular will over elite hegemony. This might be=
an=20
erroneous assumption. Lodge had long been close to former President Theodor=
e=20
Roosevelt and a number of his acolytes, including naval strategist Captain=
=20
Alfred T. Mahan and the author Brookes Adams. Roosevelt openly admired Ceci=
l=20
Rhodes's "great and striking conquest for civilisation" in southern Africa,=
=20
which he hoped to duplicate in Latin America and the Pacific.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#163"=
>163</A>=20
 Adams endorsed an "Anglo-Saxon coalition" to check German and Russian=20
ambitions; while Mahan advocated an "Anglo-American re-union", especially a=
=20
naval alliance, as the two powers "united upon the ocean" would be "all-pow=
erful=20
there".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#164"=
>164</A>=20
 In the 1890s Roosevelt, Lodge, Mahan and Adams had often met in the=20
Metropolitan Club in Washington DC to discuss the virtues of America becomi=
ng an=20
imperialist power.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#165"=
>165</A>=20
They were also close to the business community, especially J.P. Morgan.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#166"=
>166</A>=20
As President (1901-1909), Theodore Roosevelt had maintained his imperialist=
=20
impulse. Declaring himself an "expansionist" he had sought to establish the=
US=20
as a world power. Inevitably, until his untimely death in 1917, Roosevelt w=
as=20
one of the most vehement critics of Wilson and the League of Nations.=20
Roosevelt's preference, curiously enough, was for a "League of Allies". =
It is=20
perhaps no coincidence that in the same month as the final Senate vote that=
=20
Philip Kerr wrote a lengthy piece in The Round Table finding favou=
r=20
with the Lodge-Roosevelt approach while rejecting Wilson. The League Covena=
nt=20
had "aimed too high and too far", Kerr observed; it was also now apparent t=
hat=20
support for the League from "one of its most important members"=97the US=97=
was "very=20
unlikely". In fact: "The emphasis of public sentiment in all nations</E=
M> is=20
now on the rights of national sovereignty, rather than on internat=
ional=20
right=85"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#167"=
>167</A>=20
 Kerr acknowledged that joining the League required "the complete=20
abandonment of the doctrines of the Fathers of the American Republic" =
and=20
credited the US Senate with expressing "the real sentiment of all nations w=
ith=20
hard-headed truthfulness". Few nations were genuinely willing to subordinat=
e=20
their "national sovereignty to an international code and an international=20
ideal". The United States, Kerr wrote, had "reaffirm[ed] the principle of=20
national sovereignty as over-riding the ideal of world government=
=20
enforcing a world interest=85"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#168"=
>168</A>=20
 Believing popular support for the League was waning, Kerr argued the "p=
roper=20
course" was to "revise and restate" Britain's League policy. He suggested t=
hree=20
guidelines for Britain's League membership. Britain should: (1) avoid any=20
"general obligations"; (2) not make any commitments beyond its capabilities=
; and=20
(3) "definitely denounce the idea" that the League could enforce its rules =
by=20
"military or economic pressure on recalcitrant States". For Kerr there coul=
d be=20
no alternative course because the "influence of the League of Nations upon=
=20
British Imperial relations has for the moment been misleading and dangerous=
".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#169"=
>169</A>=20

MANDATE FOR EMPIRE One area where the imperialist fa=
ction=20
of the Round Table did secure a victory was on the issue of League mandates=
. The=20
Round Table had a key role in formation of the concept. Curtis had proposed=
a=20
trusteeship system for "derelict territories", arguing that the only hope o=
f=20
these races who cannot as yet govern themselves or ever learning to do so i=
s in=20
tutelage by some great democratic civilised nation". Through such a system =
the=20
League would "render obsolete the old, pernicious idea of empire=85"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#170"=
>170</A>=20
Kerr had also been contemplating the issue and was "against handing back th=
e=20
colonies" Britain had seized from Germany. He supported "civilised control =
over=20
politically backward peoples" as Africans and many Asians had "proved unabl=
e to=20
govern themselves". The solution he sought was for European powers to inter=
vene=20
and protect these peoples from "demoralising influences".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#171"=
>171</A>=20
 Additional work was being done by the Round Table's primary US member,=
=20
George Louis Beer (one of Kerr's recruits), who now served on "The Inquiry"=
as=20
its colonial expert. Beer's correspondence with Curtis and two other Round =
Table=20
members had produced the idea of the US having mandates over former German=
=20
colonies in East Africa. At the Paris Peace Conference in December 1918, Be=
er=20
had taken Curtis to meet with senior US representatives Colonel House and=20
General Tasker Bliss to sell the idea. Curtis also talked with Milner, Kerr=
and=20
Lloyd George as well about the proposal. Beer appeared to be successful whe=
n=20
Wilson announced on 30 January 1919 that the US would accept mandates.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#172"=
>172</A>=20
 This moment of triumph for Beer soon unravelled when it became apparent=
=20
Britain and France had already secretly divided the spoils of war. Accordin=
g to=20
Kendle, Milner as the newly-appointed Colonial Secretary was "at the heart =
of=20
things and deeply involved". This was no understatement: Milner was persona=
lly=20
conducting the "out of court" negotiations with the French at the Paris Pea=
ce=20
Conference.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#173"=
>173</A>=20
He was also chairman of the commission established at the Peace Conference =
to=20
draft the mandates putting him in a "commanding position".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#174"=
>174</A>=20
 Kendle suggests that Milner was defying Round Table views on the mandat=
e but=20
this is doubtful for there was no firm consensus. Moreover, Milner had alwa=
ys=20
been an imperialist and suddenly overcame his previous reluctance to acquir=
e new=20
territory now that Germany was defeated. He had advocated American acquisit=
ion=20
of mandates as a means of establishing a "bond of union=85between the Unite=
d=20
States and [Britain]". But he had little time for Wilson's dreams of=20
"self-determination" and actually opposed giving the US mandates in East Af=
rica=20
arguing that it would deprive Britain of a vital line of communication runn=
ing=20
the length of Africa.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#175"=
>175</A>=20
 The rewards of this venture were, for Britain, France and some other po=
wers,=20
substantial. One obvious result, in the words of Lord Balfour, was "a map o=
f the=20
world with more red on it". Milner seemed untroubled by his efforts; but a=
=20
confused Curtis suffered a nervous breakdown and retreated to Morocco to=20
recuperate.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#176"=
>176</A>=20
Beer accepted the position of chairman of the Permanent Mandates Commission=
,=20
even though he despised the outcome of the Peace Conference. He died sudden=
ly in=20
March 1920. In its tribute to him the Round Table admitted that Beer was it=
s=20
"American correspondent" and praised him as "an internationally minded man"=
who=20
was "the centre of a considerable group of men whom his criticism and advic=
e had=20
a powerful influence".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#177"=
>177</A>=20
That influence, however, clearly had its limits. Whitney Shepardson, an Ame=
rican=20
Rhodes Scholar and intimate friend of Curtis, took his place.
THE "INTERNATIONAL ANGLOPHILE NETWORK" The political=
=20
defeat of the Round Table's world government faction at Paris merely follow=
ed=20
the severe blows administered to the movement as a whole by the First World=
War.=20
The war, according to Kendle "had had a disastrous effect on the movement".=
Many=20
members in the dominion branches, especially in Canada and Australia, had b=
een=20
lost in the war. Added to the public controversy stirred up by publication =
of=20
Curtis's incendiary The Problem of the Commonwealth, more members =
were=20
lost than gained causing some groups to collapse. Round Table groups in Ind=
ia=20
and South Africa soon disappeared, while the remaining members in New Zeala=
nd=20
succumbed to apathy.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#178"=
>178</A>=20
The movement was not dead, though its members moved off in different direct=
ions=20
adapting to the changed world of the 1920s and 1930s. According to Quigl=
ey,=20
the Round Table was transformed into an "international anglophile network".=
This=20
process was led by "the mastermind", Curtis=97"who established, in England =
and=20
each dominion, a front organisation to the existing local Round Table Group=
".=20
The main fronts were the Royal Institute for International Affairs (RIIA or=
=20
Chatham House) in Britain and the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and=20
Institute for Pacific Relations (IPR) in the US.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#179"=
>179</A>=20
Though mocked in some quarters, Quigley's record of events is accurate on m=
any=20
counts. In May 1919 Curtis returned to Paris where he called a meeting =
at=20
the Majestic Hotel. Thirty members of the British and US delegations=20
participated. Curtis had proposed that a committee be formed to "prepare a=
=20
scheme for the creation of an institute of international affairs". He justi=
fied=20
this proposal with the argument that as the Peace Conference had revealed:=
=20
"Right public opinion was mainly produced by a small number of people in re=
al=20
contact with the facts who had thought out the issues involved". Curtis=
had=20
then suggested creation of an "institute of international affairs" with "on=
e=20
branch in England and the other America" to ensure that expert opinion coul=
d be=20
cultivated.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#180"=
>180</A>=20
Sure enough at subsequent meetings of this Majestic-thirty group in June 19=
19=20
the committee recommended formation of an "Institute of International Affai=
rs"=20
with two branches, one in Britain and the other the US.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#181"=
>181</A>=20
 Out of the deliberations of this Majestic-thirty, the RIIA and CFR emer=
ged=20
to take their respective places in the British and US foreign policy=20
establishments. They were not only were led and dominated by Round Table me=
mbers=20
in their early years=97Curtis, Zimmern and Kerr at Chatham House, and Whitn=
ey=20
Shepardson at the CFR=97but subscribed to many of the Round Table's goals. =
"The=20
foundation of Chatham House", Curtis acknowledged in 1938, "was a necessary=
=20
tactical change to effect the same strategic object" as the Round=
=20
Table. The "time is gone", Curtis wrote to Kerr in 1936, "=85to be afra=
id of=20
admitting=85that Chatham House was the outcome of Round Table work".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#182"=
>182</A>=20
Both organisations also retained the Round Table's divisions; advocates of =
world=20
government co-existed with proponents of a world order built on an=20
Anglo-American alliance. Despite their differences, the ties between the=
core=20
Round Table group members endured in other forms, most notably the so-calle=
d=20
"Cliveden Set". During the inter-war years Milner (before his death in 1925=
),=20
Kerr, Brand, Dawson, and Curtis were regular visitors at the palatial resid=
ence=20
of Waldorf Astor at Cliveden. Due to the higher political circles the A=
stors=20
mixed with, the suspicion that greater intrigues were underway at Cliveden =
soon=20
gripped the public imagination. The dominant theory, advocated by Claude=20
Cockburn, editor of the political newsletter The Week in the 1930s=
,=20
claimed there was in fact a "Cliveden Set" intent on appeasing Nazi Germany=
.=20
 This was not without foundation=97Philip Kerr had endorsed accommodatin=
g Nazi=20
objectives in Eastern Europe, and had most of the "Set" agreeing with him u=
ntil=20
Nazi aggression became too serious a challenge to appease.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#183"=
>183</A>=20
 There were other ventures involving the Round Table remnants. In the la=
te=20
1930s Kerr and Curtis were both heavily influenced by Clarence Streit's boo=
k=20
Union Now (1939). Streit, an American Rhodes Scholar and New Y=
ork=20
Times journalist, had recommended "the union now of the United States =
with=20
other Democracies, under one Federal Union Government, as a practical first=
step=20
toward World Federal Union=85"<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#184"=
>184</A>=20
Kerr had made many similar proposals during the 1930s and in July 1939 he a=
nd=20
Curtis had supported the establishment of the Federal Union movement. A=
s=20
Britain's Ambassador to the US from 1939 to 1940, Kerr had continued to sup=
port=20
closer Anglo-American co-operation. In 1940 he seemed to resurrect Cecil=20
Rhodes's ideas with his advocacy of a "standing council in Washington=20
representing all the states of pan-America and the British Commonwealth" an=
d a=20
"Pan-American British Empire Conference".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#185"=
>185</A>=20
Kerr would never see his vision realised, however, dying unexpectedly on 12=
=20
December 1940 while visiting Britain. As an organisation, however, the p=
eriod=20
from the 1920s onward was marked by the decline of the Round Table. Dawson=
=20
resigned as editor of the Times in October 1941 and died in Novemb=
er=20
1944. Amery, increasingly impatient with Curtis's wild schemes, had drifted=
away=20
to become a member of parliament. Curtis, though, had become embroiled =
in a=20
number of clashes with the new younger members of the movement who disagree=
d=20
with his views. Nevertheless Curtis stuck doggedly to his faith in world=20
government through some form of imperial federation as the path to world pe=
ace;=20
a view he maintained until his death in 1955. As for the other Round Tab=
le=20
members, Brand and Zimmern, the shift in world power following World War II=
=20
seemed to hasten their own shifts into obscurity. The Round Table=
=20
journal also changed, losing its anonymity by the 1960s and becoming more a=
=20
venue for ideas on the Commonwealth than a platform for a secretive elite=20
clique.
A LEGACY OF DECLINE? The Round Table's main legacy h=
as=20
been its unintentional role in hastening the replacement of the Empire with=
the=20
Commonwealth of Nations. This is clearly ironic, given that the aim of its=
=20
members was the exact opposite, and reveals that their cherished propaganda=
=20
methods were also somewhat less effective than they realised. Moreover,=
the=20
Commonwealth=97being little more than a portentous name attached to those=20
dominions and colonies that once formed the British Empire=97has struggled =
to=20
establish itself as an effective international organisation. Commonweal=
th=20
leaders have made many optimistic declarations about the Commonwealth's piv=
otal=20
global role. In 1966, Commonwealth Secretary-General Arnold Smith claimed a=
n=20
essential global role for the Commonwealth in promoting more "understanding=
and=20
tolerance". Smith argued, "We have to develop quickly the habits and insigh=
ts of=20
co-operation on a global basis. The Commonwealth gives us one of the promis=
ing=20
instruments for this purpose". While one of his later successors, Chief Eme=
ka=20
Anyaoku, at the 1999 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Du=
rban,=20
suggested a world leadership role for the Commonwealth with his claim that,=
"In=20
a very real sense the Commonwealth is now a club of democracies".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#186"=
>186</A>=20
 Yet, as a successor to the British Empire, the Commonwealth, as a numbe=
r of=20
commentators have ruefully observed of late, is a very poor substitute. "[I=
]t=20
lacks much relevance in today's world=85", claimed a scathing editorial in =
the=20
Brisbane Courier-Mail after the annual CHOGM meeting=97then schedu=
led to=20
be held in Brisbane, Australia, in September 2001=97was cancelled in the wa=
ke of=20
the terrorist attacks on America. The Courier-Mail continued, "It=
=20
cannot enforce discipline among its own members when they abuse human and=20
property rights (as in Zimbabwe) or devalue their democratic institutions (=
as in=20
Fiji). And now it has, in effect, acknowledged that it would contribute lit=
tle=20
to the struggle against terrorism".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#187"=
>187</A>=20

ANGLOSPHERE: THE RESURRECTION The divisions within t=
he=20
Commonwealth, particularly between the former dominions with large Anglo-Sa=
xon=20
populations and the former colonies where most of the population is indigen=
ous,=20
have not gone unnoticed by those seeking a reprise of the Rhodes-Milner vis=
ion=20
of a racially and culturally homogenous federation. In the 1950s and 1960s,=
for=20
example, a number of federalists proposed consolidating the Anglo-Saxon mem=
bers=20
of the Commonwealth. One Canadian supporter suggested forming a "CANZUK Uni=
on",=20
comprising Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#188"=
>188</A>=20
 The real initiative, though, has been taken by those seeking to resurre=
ct=20
the original Rhodes-Stead dream of the unification of the United States wit=
h the=20
British Empire. Since the 1990s an increasing number of Anglo-Saxon enthusi=
asts=20
on both sides of the Atlantic have called for a "grouping that is natural r=
ather=20
than artificial" through "some form of unity between countries of the same =
legal=20
and political=97and linguistic and cultural=97traditions=85" Robert Conques=
t of the=20
Hoover Institution, for example, endorsed the merging of the US with Britai=
n,=20
Australia, New Zealand and Canada into an "English-Speaking Union", which w=
ould=20
act as "a model and centre from which the eventual progress of the entire w=
orld=20
may proceed".<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS4.html#189"=
>189</A>=20
 Other advocates include the now-disgraced media mogul Conrad Black,=20
political commentator John O'Sullivan, policy analyst John Hulsman, and=20
journalist James Bennett. The objective is known as "Anglosphere" and propo=
nents=20
believe that "network civilisations" are emerging using technological=20
innovations in travel and communications to link nations together on the ba=
sis=20
of culture rather than geography. One of these "network civilisations", the=
y=20
contend, is the English-speaking Anglosphere. Since 9/11 the notion of=
=20
Anglosphere has gained considerable currency. More than a few commentators=
=20
observed that the partnering of the US and Britain to invade Iraq in 2003 w=
ith=20
substantial assistance from relatively few allies other than Australia, mad=
e it=20
more of an "Anglo-Saxon" exercise than any of the other formulations the Bu=
sh=20
Administration tried to popularise. Tensions between Europe and Britain ove=
r its=20
relationship with the US have also contributed to this idea that Britain an=
d=20
America's embrace may tighten at the expense of the European Union. Moreove=
r,=20
the overtly imperialist policies of the Bush Administration have raised the=
=20
spectre of an American Empire dominating the world. There is still scope fo=
r a=20
reversal, but it seems that over a century after his death, the dreams of C=
ecil=20
Rhodes=97of Anglo-American unity and imperial expansion=97have had new life=
breathed=20
into them.
CONCLUSIONS If there can be said to be an enduring=20
bequest to the New World Order by the Round Table, it is providing an=20
organisational blueprint. The Round Table is arguably the father of the ple=
thora=20
of think-tanks and unofficial policy-planning organisations we see around t=
he=20
world today. All the features that distinguished and were pioneered by =
the=20
Round Table=97including exclusive membership, private off-the-record meetin=
gs,=20
financial support from the business community, a focus on changing elite ra=
ther=20
than popular opinion and a high-profile periodical=97have been adopted by=20
countless other organisations around the world. Perhaps the most important =
of=20
these organisational successors to the Round Table include the Council on=20
Foreign Relations, Chatham House, the Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg=
ers=20
and the World Economic Forum. It is therefore a bitter irony of history =
that=20
the Round Table organisation, a posthumous product of Rhodes money and idea=
lism,=20
which still exists and still publishes its periodical, should be so margina=
lised=20
at a time when the idea which motivated its founders has found new life. Bu=
t=20
this probably reflects the fundamental reality that formation and objective=
s of=20
the Round Table were in fact "an admission of weakness". According to Norma=
n=20
Rose in his book The Cliveden Set: It reflected a widespre=
ad=20
premonition that Britain was falling behind in the great power race. Anxiou=
s to=20
keep up with the future giants, Germany and the United States, their projec=
ts=20
were designed to preserve in time a status that was fast disappearing=97as =
it=20
happened, forever. On every count their game plan was doomed to failure=85D=
ominion=20
nationalism was on the rise=85Nor would it fade away=85it flowered, leading=
the=20
Commonwealth down a different road from that intended by Curtis and his=20
followers...
By the time the Round Table had been formed in 1909, Britain's moment as=
a=20
great power had already passed. As this series has sought to illustrate, de=
spite=20
their valiant and conspiratorial efforts, Rhodes, Milner, Curtis and their=
=20
cohorts were too late to save the Empire and create the English-speaking un=
ion=20
that they believed would bring peace to the world. Instead, primary=20
responsibility for establishing the New World Order was to fall to elite gr=
oups=20
within the United States. Britain's destiny then, as now, was to become a j=
unior=20
partner in a program for global control largely devised and implemented fro=
m=20
Washington DC, rather than in London.
Pax Americana was the future. Britannia would rule no more=85</=
P>
<A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretSocieties.ht=
ml">Go=20
to Part 1 </A>- <A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS2.html";>Go =
to Part=20
2 </A>- <A=20
href=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/articles/Rhodes&SecretS3.html";>Go =
to Part=20
3</A> 
About the Author: Will Banyan, BA (Hons), GradDip=20
(Information Science), is a writer specialising in the political economy of=
=20
globalisation. He has worked for local and national governments as well as =
some=20
international organisations and the private sector. He is currently working=
on a=20
revisionist history of the New World Order and an analysis of the War on Te=
rror.=20
 Banyan's six-part series, "Rockefeller Internationalism", was published=
in=20
NEXUS 10/03=9611/02. He has also published papers at the Modern History Pro=
ject=20
website. Will Banyan can be contacted by email at <A=20
href=3D"mailto:banyan007@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx";>banyan007@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx</A>.
Endnotes 124<A name=3D124></A>. Carroll Quigley,=20
Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time, (Angriff Pre=
ss,=20
1974) pp.144, 146. 125<A name=3D125></A>. David Dimbleby & David Rey=
nolds,=20
An Ocean Apart: The Relationship Between Britain and America in the=20
Twentieth Century, (BBC Books, 1988), p.52. 126<A name=3D126></A>. =
Wilson=20
quoted in Thomas J. Knock, To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Ques=
t for=20
a New World Order, (Princeton University Press, 1992), pp.143-144. =
127<A=20
name=3D127></A>. Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.249, 259.<BR=
>128<A=20
name=3D128></A>. Carroll Quigley, The Anglo-American Establishment: Fro=
m=20
Rhodes to Cliveden, (Books in Focus, 1981), p.5. 129<A name=3D129><=
/A>.=20
David Icke, =85and the truth shall set you free, (Gateway Books, 1=
995),=20
p.63 (emphasis added). 130<A name=3D130></A>. See Rose, The Cliveden=
=20
Set,pp.95-96. 131<A name=3D131></A>. Quoted in J.A. Turner, "The Fo=
rmation=20
of Lloyd George's 'Garden Suburb': 'Fabian-Like Milnerite' Penetration?",=20
Historical Journal, March 1977, p.165. 132<A name=3D132></A>. P=
.A.=20
Lockwood, "Milner's Entry into the War Cabinet, December 1916", Histori=
cal=20
Journal, Vol. VIII (1964), p.133; and John F. Naylor, "The Establishme=
nt of=20
the Cabinet Secretariat", Historical Journal, December 1971,=20
p.793. 133<A name=3D133></A>. Roberta M. Warman, "The Erosion of Foreign=
Office=20
Influence in the Making of Foreign Policy, 1916-1918", Historical=20
Journal, March 1972, p.133. 134<A name=3D134></A>. Quotes in ibid, =
pp.138=20
(Kerr), 154 (Amery), & 144 (Milner). 135<A name=3D135></A>. Quoted i=
n ibid,=20
p.157. 136<A name=3D136></A>. Quoted in Marlowe, Milner: Apostle of=
=20
Empire, p.336. 137<A name=3D137></A>. Quoted in George Egerton,=20
"Imperialism, Atlanticism, and Internationalism: Philip Kerr and the League=
of=20
Nations Question, 1916-1920", Annals of the Lothian Foundation I (=
1)=20
1991 at 138<A name=3D138></A>. Amery quoted in George W. Egerton, "The =
Lloyd=20
George Government and the Creation of the League of Nations", American=
=20
Historical Review, April 1974, p.425; and Leo Amery, My Political =
Life,=20
Volume II, War and Peace 1914-1929, (Hutchinson, 1953), pp.162,=20
163. 139<A name=3D139></A>. Amery to Cecil 23 December 1916 and Cecil to=
Amery,=20
undated, in John Barnes and David Nicholson, eds, The Leo Amery Diaries=
,=20
Volume I: 1896-1929, (Hutchinson, 19??), pp.133-134. 140<A=20
name=3D140></A>. Egerton, "Philip Kerr and the League of Nations Question"=
=20
(including Kerr quotes); Kendle, The Round Table Movement,=20
pp.249-250. 141<A name=3D141></A>. Kendle, ibid, p.252. 142<A name=3D=
142></A>.=20
Lavin, From Empire to International Commonwealth, pp.158-159 (incl=
uding=20
Curtis quote). 143<A name=3D143></A>. H.G. Wells, H. Wickham Steed, Visc=
ount=20
Grey, Gilbert Murray, Lionel Curtis, J.A. Spender, William Archer, A.E. Zim=
mern=20
and Viscount Bryce, "The Idea of a League of Nations (Part One)", The=20
Atlantic Monthly, January 1919 at <A=20
href=3D"http://www.theatlantic.com/";>www.theatlantic.com</A>. 144<A=20
name=3D144></A>. H.G. Wells et al, "The Idea of a League of Nations (Part T=
wo)",=20
The Atlantic Monthly, February 1919 at www.theatlantic.com. 145=
<A=20
name=3D145></A>. [Lionel Curtis], "The Windows of Freedom", The Round=20
Table, December 1918, pp.5, 33. 146<A name=3D146></A>. ibid, p.25 &=
amp;=20
18. 147<A name=3D147></A>. ibid, pp.32-33. 148<A name=3D148></A>. [Al=
fred=20
Zimmern], "Some Principles and Problems of the Settlement", The Round=20
Table, December 1918, p.90 (emphasis added). 149<A name=3D149></A>.=
ibid,=20
pp.91-92 (emphasis added). 150<A name=3D150></A>. ibid, pp.98-99. 151=
<A=20
name=3D151></A>. ibid, pp.105-106. 152<A name=3D152></A>. Lavin, Fro=
m Empire=20
to International Commonwealth, p.161. 153<A name=3D153></A>. Margar=
et=20
MacMillan, Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to=
End=20
War, (John Murray, 2001), p.49; and Warman, "Foreign Office Influence"=
,=20
p.138. 154<A name=3D154></A>. Quoted in Priscilla Roberts, "Lord Lothian=
and=20
the Atlantic World", The Historian, Spring 2004, p.98. Jones=20
(1870-1955) was Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet from 1916 to 1930. 155<A=
=20
name=3D155></A>. Quotes in Egerton, "Philip Kerr and the League of Nations=
=20
Question". 156<A name=3D156></A>. Quoted in George W. Egerton, "Ideology=
,=20
Diplomacy, and International Organisation: Wilsonism and the League of Nati=
ons=20
in Anglo-American Relations, 1918-1920", in B.J.C. McKercher, Anglo-Ame=
rican=20
Relations in the 1920s: The Struggle for Supremacy, (MacMillan, 1991),=
=20
pp.25-26. 157<A name=3D157></A>. Quoted in George Egerton, "Conservative=
=20
Internationalism: British Approaches to International Organization and the=
=20
Creation of the League of Nations", Diplomacy & Statecraft, Ma=
rch=20
1994, pp.8-9. 158<A name=3D158></A>. Quotes in Egerton, ibid, pp.17-19; =
and=20
Egerton, "Ideology, Diplomacy, and International Organisation", p.37. 15=
9<A=20
name=3D159></A>. Quote in Knock, To End All Wars, p.215; and Egert=
on,=20
"Ideology, Diplomacy and International Organisation", p.37. 160<A=20
name=3D160></A>. Quoted in "From the Diary of William Christian Bullitt, 11=
=20
December 1918," in Arthur S. Link et al, The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, =
Vol.=20
53, (Princeton University Press, 1986), pp.366-367. 161<A name=3D16=
1></A>.=20
Quoted in MacMillan, Peacemakers, p.29. 162<A name=3D162></A>. =
Knock,=20
To End All Wars, p.224-225. 163<A name=3D163></A>. Quoted in Wi=
lliam=20
N. Tilchin, Theodore Roosevelt and the British Empire: A Study in=20
Presidential Statecraft, (St. Martin's Press, 1997), pp.18-19, 24. =
164<A=20
name=3D164></A>. Adams quoted in Howard K. Beale, Theodore Roosevelt an=
d the=20
Rise of America to World Power, (John Hopkins Press, 1956), p.78; Alfr=
ed T.=20
Mahan, "Possibilities of an Anglo-American Reunion", North American=20
Review, November 1894, p.558, 559, 555 & 560. 165<A name=3D165>=
</A>.=20
[Philip Kerr], "The British Empire, The League of Nations, and the United=20
States", The Round Table, March 1920, pp.225, 226 (emphasis=20
added). 166<A name=3D166></A>. ibid, pp.232-235 (emphasis added). 167=
<A=20
name=3D167></A>. ibid, pp.246-247. 168<A name=3D168></A>. [Curtis], "Win=
dows of=20
Freedom", pp.25, 33. 169<A name=3D169></A>. Quoted in Kendle, The Ro=
und=20
Table Movement, pp.2254-255. 170<A name=3D170></A>. Wm. Roger Louis=
, "The=20
United States and the African Peace Settlement of 1919: The Pilgramage of G=
eorge=20
Louis Beer", Journal of African History, Vol. IV No.3 (1963),=20
pp.417-418. 171<A name=3D171></A>. See Wm. Roger Louis, "Great Britain a=
nd the=20
African Peace Settlement of 1919", The American Historical Review,=
=20
April 1966, p.885. 172<A name=3D172></A>. Kendle, The Round Table=20
Movement, p.259. 173<A name=3D173></A>. Quoted in Louis, "Great Bri=
tain",=20
p.878. 174<A name=3D174></A>. Balfour quotedi n Louis, ibid, p.892; Kend=
le,=20
The Round Table Movement, p.259. 175<A name=3D175></A>. "George=
Louis=20
Beer", The Round Table, June 1920, pp.934-935. 176<A name=3D176=
></A>.=20
Kendle, The Round Table Movement, pp.260-263. 177<A name=3D177>=
</A>.=20
Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, pp.950, 951-952. 178<A name=3D178></=
A>.=20
Quoted in M.L.Dockrill, "The Foreign Office and the 'Proposed Institute of=
=20
International Affairs 1919'", International Affairs, Autumn 1980,=
=20
pp.665-667. 179<A name=3D179></A>. ibid, pp.667-668. 180<A name=3D180=
></A>.=20
Quoted in Inderjeet Parmar, "Anglo-American Elites in the Interwar Years:=20
Idealism and Power in the Intellectual Roots of Chatham House and the Counc=
il on=20
Foreign Relations", International Relations, Vol.16 No.1 (2002),=20
p.56. 181<A name=3D181></A>. See Rose, The Cliveden Set, pp. 15=
0-152,=20
169-173. 182<A name=3D182></A>. Quoted in Kendle, The Round Table=20
Movement, p.293. 183<A name=3D183></A>. Quoted in Roberts, "Lord Lo=
thian",=20
p.125. 184<A name=3D184></A>. Smith quoted in W.D. McIntyre, Colonie=
s into=20
Commonwealth, (Blandford Press, 1968), pp.358-359; Anyaoku quoted in D=
erek=20
Ingram, "Commonwealth moves to deepen democracy", Post-Courier (Po=
rt=20
Moresby), 3 February 2000, p.11. 185<A name=3D185></A>. "CHOGM succumbs =
to=20
reality", The Courier Mail (Brisbane), 29 September 2001,=20
p.29. 186<A name=3D186></A>. McIntyre, Colonies Into Commonwealth</E=
M>,=20
p.340. 187<A name=3D187></A>. Robert Conquest, "Towards an English-Speak=
ing=20
Union", The National Interest, Fall 1999, pp.64, 70. 188<A=20
name=3D188></A>. See James C. Bennett, "Anglosphere: Limits to Globalizatio=
n?",=20
The Washington Times, 9 February 2002. 189<A name=3D189></A>. R=
ose,=20
The Cliveden Set, p.215 (emphasis added).
<IMG height=3D5 alt=3D"rainbow bar"=20
src=3D"http://www.nexusmagazine.com/images/rainban.gif"; width=3D600=20
align=3Dbottom></DIV>
 
<tt>
Complete archives at <a href=3D"http://www.sitbot.net/";>http://www.sitbot.n=
et/</a> 
 
Please let us stay on topic and be civil. 
 
OM 
</tt>
 

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------=_NextPart_001_03C9_01C57208.01443800--

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From the Magazine | N O T E B O O K
10 Questions For Porter Goss
The director of the CIA talks to TIME
about false intelligence and organic gardening

Posted Sunday, Jun. 19, 2005
He had been director of the Central Intelligence Agency for just seven
months when the onetime CIA spy had to cede much of his power to the new
director of national intelligence, John Negroponte. But Porter Goss, 66,
says he now has more time to run America's largest human intelligence
agency. He sat down for his first interview with TIME's Timothy J. Burger.

WHEN WILL WE GET OSAMA BIN LADEN? That is a question that goes far deeper
than you know. In the chain that you need to successfully wrap up the war on
terror, we have some weak links. And I find that until we strengthen all the
links, we're probably not going to be able to bring Mr. bin Laden to
justice. We are making very good progress on it. But when you go to the very
difficult question of dealing with sanctuaries in sovereign states, you're
dealing with a problem of our sense of international obligation, fair play.
We have to find a way to work in a conventional world in unconventional ways
that are acceptable to the international community.

IT SOUNDS LIKE YOU HAVE A PRETTY GOOD IDEA OF WHERE HE IS. WHERE? I have an
excellent idea of where he is. What's the next question?

VICE PRESIDENT DICK CHENEY HAS SAID THE IRAQ INSURGENCY IS IN ITS LAST
THROES. IS THAT YOUR READ? I think they're not quite in the last throes, but
I think they are very close to it. And I think that every day that goes by
in Iraq where they have their own government and it's moving forward
reinforces just how radical [the insurgents] are and how unwanted they are.

COULD THE U.S. GO TO WAR AGAIN BASED ON FALSE INTELLIGENCE? I would not
agree to surmise that America has gone to war based on false intelligence. I
would say that the right question is: Should America be checking out threats
to America? The answer is yes. And will we find some threats were more talk
than real? Yes, we will.

COULD AL-QAEDA HIT US AGAIN? Yes, it could. Certainly the intent is very
high. And we are trying to stay ahead of their capability. And so far, I
think we have done pretty well carrying the war to them, as it were. I think
that's mattered.

YOU HAVE BEEN A BIG CRITIC OF CIA HUMAN INTELLIGENCE. WHAT HAVE YOU DONE TO
FIX IT? We're fixing it with quantity and quality. We're changing methods.
We're changing systems. We're changing it from the beginning to the end,
from the recruitment?the types of people we are trying to attract?to the way
we bring them in, to the experience we give them in training, to the ways we
get them on station or in places where they are of use to us.

We are focused very much on finding ways to get our eyes and ears out and
about on a global basis. And we are doing it in ways that you can't even
imagine and I'm not even going to slightly discuss.

HOW MUCH DOES IT HURT CIA MORALE TO SEE THE DIRECTOR LOSE PRESIDENTIAL FACE
TIME AND THE ROLE OF INTEL QUARTERBACK TO JOHN NEGROPONTE? I would almost
equate it to getting rid of a 60-lb. back sack, climbing up a big, steep
trail. I suddenly feel like I am refreshed. The more you see of a President
of the United States of America, the more you want to be helpful and the
more you want to be very careful not to waste his or her time. And I will
not be using the President's time frivolously.

HOW LONG DO YOU PLAN TO STAY IN THIS JOB? How long are we going to be at war
with the terrorists? It's going to be a while. We've got a lot to do. We're
in the process of rebuilding here. I think this is our moment. I'm going to
be here as long as the moment lasts. And I think it is going to last a while
because we have the opportunity to build.

ARE YOU PERSONAL FRIENDS WITH NEGROPONTE? I went to school with him.

We agreed that we wouldn't talk about Yale. John and I have a pact: I won't
tell if you won't tell.

YOU'RE INTO ORGANIC GARDENING. HOW DID THAT HAPPEN? Mrs. Goss got a little
horrified after she started reading the labels on some of the processed
foods. We have a farm that [uses] no pesticides, no hormones, no
additives?just compost and hard work. And we grow natural. I must say it's
very rewarding to see. But the problem is, the critters take half of every
plant. They're hard to sell. We haven't trained the critters yet which ones
are theirs.

-__ ___ _ ___ __ ___ _ _ _ __
/-_|-0-\-V-/-\|-|-__|-|-|-/-_|
\_-\--_/\-/|-\\-|-_||-V-V-\_-\
|__/_|--//-|_|\_|___|\_A_/|__/

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--part1_210.31e4375.2fe6e99d_boundary--

From Reuters and AAP correspondents in Washington
June 22, 2005
From: News Interactive

A US air force U-2 spy plane had crashed in south-west Asia, the US militar=
y
said.

"The cause of the crash and status of the pilot are not known at this time,=
"
the US Central Command Air Forces, or CENTAF, said in a brief statement.
The statement that did not say in which country the plane had crashed.

The U-2 is a single-seat, high-altitude reconnaissance and surveillance
aircraft that can fly above 20,000m.

CENTAF conducts US air operations throughout south-west Asia.

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<DIV><A
href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15695018-23109,00.html";>http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15695018-23109,00.html</A></DIV>
<DIV> US
spy plane crashes From Reuters and AAP
correspondents in Washington June 22, 2005 From: News
Interactive A US air force U-2 spy plane had crashed in
south-west Asia, the US military said. "The cause of the crash and
status of the pilot are not known at this time," the US Central Command Air
Forces, or CENTAF, said in a brief statement. The statement that did not say
in which country the plane had crashed. The U-2 is a single-seat,
high-altitude reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft that can fly above
20,000m. CENTAF conducts US air operations throughout south-west
Asia. </DIV>
 
<tt>
Complete archives at <a
href="http://www.sitbot.net/";>http://www.sitbot.net/</a> 
 
Please let us stay on topic and be civil. 
 
OM 
</tt>
 

</BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_00B4_01C57719.5961DA40--

From when I was a babe

Conspiracy!
I was maimed

I knew the world was wrong
I figured I could be strong
Body and mind was bent
Cuz, I was Heaven sent
To remember
Autism and crazed come Spring
I remember
Systematic poisoning
Why?

Conspiracy!
I was flamed

The War on Crime
Is actually a war on marijuana
They'd have us shoot the line
Control the dosage
Then cause trauma
Riddling Ritalin crazy
Selling candy like its gravy
Cannibinoid hazy
Action, reaction
And acting all ravy

Conspiracy!
Still got a brain

-------------------

Some time after the flashbacks began, my thoughts informed me that I=20
had a brain implant and was communicating mentally with my handlers.=20
At the time I knew nothing about implants and of course didn't=20
believe it, so I decided to test the theory. Like a Ouija Board I let=20
my eyes roam over the reading material in front of me as I wrote down=20
the letters my eyes stopped on. This was a long process and I wasn't=20
paying attention to the letters I was writing. During this period, my=20
eyes felt strange, as if being controlled by someone other than=20
myself. When my thoughts informed me that I was finished, I had what=20
looked like a word that I'd never heard of so I looked it up:

"Epicureanism: the philosophy of Epicurus who subscribed to a=20
hedonistic ethics that considered an imperturbable emotional calm the=20
highest good, held intellectual pleasures superior to others, and=20
advocated the rununciation of momentary in favor of more permanent=20
pleasures." (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (=A9 1977))

That I had just written the name of a philosophy I'd been following=20
for years without knowing it was rather spooky. At that point I=20
started following the strange orders my thoughts were telling me.

Maybe a week later my thoughts steered me to the Seattle Space Needle=20
and the strange sensation in my eyes pointed them at a star just=20
above the early morning southern skyline. After several seconds of=20
staring at the dot of light, it suddenly took off at a tremendous=20
rate of speed to the west. Several seconds later, the roar from it=20
finally reached me. It was strangely loud for being so distant and=20
there were no sonic booms.

At that point I became convinced that I've got an implant. Plus=20
there's the flashback of requesting one when I joined the CIA=20
offshoot.

Complete archives at http://www.sitbot.net/

Please let us stay on topic and be civil.=20

OM
=20
Yahoo! Groups Links

<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cia-drugs/

<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
cia-drugs-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
=20

From that point on, the Rabin family's voice was muted and hundreds of thou=
sands=20
of Israelis expended millions of working hours organizing and attending pro=
tests=20
against the Golan=20
withdrawal.           =
          =20
Our leaders, in order to save their corrupt skins, will exploit and terrify=
the=20
people without conscience. They will, in the name of criminal coverup, put=
=20
Israelis through deep agony over their future, threaten the homes and=20
livelihoods of anyone who gets in their way, and thoroughly waste their tim=
e and=20
energy for no reason. Eventually, when the Rabin family demands for a new=20
investigation were but a distant memory, so too was Barak's Golan withdrawa=
l=20
plan.            =
    =20
That should only be the story of Gush Katif and Northern=20
Samaria.    =20
            &nbsp=
;   =20
As is the case at all of these annual book fairs, I meet the general public=
and=20
inevitably, people pass on invaluable information and contacts to=20
me.            &n=
bsp;   =20
This year was no exception. A young man was nearly drafted to be a governme=
nt=20
snitch and told me how the recruiting is going on. "Someone claiming to be =
from=20
the Prime Minister's office called me, and offered me a great job paying 30=
00=20
shekels a week. I'm sixteen with no job skills, so I knew the offer was=20
suspicious."          &nbsp=
;      =20
A water engineer, Jacob Wolfowicz, presented me his findings on the propose=
d=20
plan to raze Gush Katif and build high-rise housing for a million people. T=
he=20
sewage would flow untreated up the Israeli coastline, and force the abandon=
ment=20
of all beaches and adjacent=20
housing.           &nb=
sp;     =20
But the best information of all came from a legal source. On the first even=
ing,=20
he told me, "You can beat this Eskin in court. He has admitted to being a S=
habak=20
agent in court. In 1998 he went on trial for burning down Peace Now's=20
headquarters in Jerusalem. He got off the arson charge in part by testifyin=
g=20
that he had worked for the Shabak. He told the court that he had worked for=
the=20
Shabak but things didn't work out well with them. Get the court protocol=
s.=20
The file number is  108/98, registered at the Jerusalem regional=20
court."           &nbs=
p;      =20
The file number was right on the=20
money.           &nbsp=
;      =20
The next evening, the man returned. "The trial continued in the summer of '=
99.=20
In that session, Eskin reiterated his Shabak=20
ties."           &nbsp=
;       =20
This information also checked out. Dov has submitted an appeal to rehear my=
=20
trial based on relevant new evidence. The protocols of both sessions have b=
een=20
requested from the court. Knowing Israel's justice system as I am learning =
it=20
now, I assume they will arrive tampered with, and the damning testimony wil=
l be=20
removed.=20
            &nbsp=
;       =20
Still, it was fair=20
try. end          All=
=20
reports of an American troop presence in Israel are now confirmed. Not far =
from=20
Petach Tikveh, near Rantis Junction, a huge American based has been recentl=
y=20
established, capable of holding 18,000 American soldiers, or 1000 soldiers =
and=20
17,000 Gush Katif=20
protesters.           On th=
e=20
22nd of June, these protesters were all set to block the country's roads by=
the=20
thousands. But an unusually deadly train crash forced postponement, two hou=
rs=20
before the blockages were set to begin. I dismissed correspondence that=20
suggested the crash was for this purpose...Still, look at one fact that is =
very=20
bothersome: <A href=3D"http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/591248.html=
"=20
eudora=3D"autourl">http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/spages/591248.html =
 </A><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3>According to the source, the fact tha=
t Israel=20
Railways stations a special spotter in the area to warn truck drivers o=
f=20
approaching trains further substantiates the assumption that drivers=20
approaching the crossing need a longer warning time than facilitated by=
the=20
field of vision. The central questions currently facing the investigatio=
n=20
teams are as follows: 1. Did the truck get stuck on the tracks due t=
o a=20
technical fault or human error? 2. Was the truck=20
overloaded? 3<FONT=
=20
color=3D#ff0000>. Why did Israel Railways station a spotter in the area =
to warn=20
 drivers of approaching trains after receiving reports on the dangers <B=
R>at=20
the crossing, but then released the man from his shift at 3:30=20
 P.M.?       New York Giants=
=20
running back Tiki Barber is coming to Israel on a "peace" mission, sponsore=
d by=20
the Peres Peace Center. Please write the Giants, tell them who Peres is,=20
including his record of murders, and threaten to stop support of the club i=
f the=20
visit takes place.       All the time spent=
on=20
appeals to overturn the atrocious trial I just reported on is very costly t=
o=20
me. Thank G-d for the wonderful, generous readers who sent donations to =
keep=20
the fight up. I wouldn't have without you!! It's the best thanks I can offe=
r for=20
now. I'll do better someday. <A=20
href=3D"http://www.barrychamish.com/"; eudora=3D"autourl"><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D3>www.barrychamish.com</A> </DIV>
 
<tt>
Complete archives at <a href=3D"http://www.sitbot.net/";>http://www.sitbot.n=
et/</a> 
 
Please let us stay on topic and be civil. 
 
OM 
</tt>
 

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=20=20

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From the Grassy Knoll, along with author Adam Gorightly
Friday, July 1
11:00 pm est
http://www.vyzygoth.com

Yahoo! Groups Links

--
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Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
Version: 7.0.323 / Virus Database: 267.8.8/37 - Release Date: 7/1/2005

Complete archives at http://www.sitbot.net/

Please let us stay on topic and be civil.

OM

Yahoo! Groups Links

<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cia-drugs/

<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
cia-drugs-unsubscribe@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/

From news.bbc.co.uk

British police are considering the possibility that the four key suspects i=
n last week's London attacks may have been tricked into setting off their b=
ombs, a British newspaper reported.

"We do not have hard evidence that the men were suicide bombers," a Scotlan=
d Yard spokesman told The Sunday Telegraph. "It is possible that they did n=
ot intend to die."

------=_NextPart_000_023F_01C58AAF.4BB43BA0
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<DIV><A=20
href=3D"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thenewswire/archive/2005/07/london-bo=
mbers-may-have-b.html">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thenewswire/archive/20=
05/07/london-bombers-may-have-b.html</A></DIV>
<DIV>
<H3 id=3Da004271>London Bombers May Have Bee=
n Tricked=20
Into Suicide Mission=85 </H3>
From news.bbc.co.uk
British police are considering the possibility that the four key suspect=
s in=20
last week's London attacks may have been tricked into setting off their bom=
bs, a=20
British newspaper reported.
"We do not have hard evidence that the men were suicide bombers," a Scot=
land=20
Yard spokesman told The Sunday Telegraph. "It is possible that they did not=
=20
intend to die."</DIV>

=20=20



 
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From Palm Coast, located on I 95 between Daytona and St. Augustine

Hi Kay..... My daughter contacted you not long ago, she lives in Atlanta a=
nd we are both concerned with prison reform, especially health care. I woul=
d like to do the Washington march but am afraid I didn't find out about it =
until late. I have emailed several people here in Fla to see if anyone is =
driving but no luck so far. If I can't attend this year, I will certainly =
go next year if there is one.=20=20

I want to get active and on committees, etc. so I can make a difference. M=
y son is at Tomoka serving a 5 year term, hopefully to be released in early=
07. It has been an experience that I would not want anyone to go through =
and I have a lot of issues that I'm sure you hear all the time, mail, food,=
verbal abuse from correctonal officers, and the list goes on and on.=20=20

I realized that I could not take on everything so I decided to conentrate o=
n health issues since I am retired from the health care profession and my s=
on was diagnosed with melanoma in 03. If I can help in any way, or if you k=
now of contact people for me, I would appreciate it. I have been in touch =
with the American Cancer Society for programs for prevention, etc. and am w=
orking on that at present.

Contact Judy by email caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or phone at=20
386-446-1112 home phone=20=20=20=20
386-593-4332 cell phone=20=20

"If no one answers at either phone, please leave message and I will return=
the call"

=20
Judy McGovern
caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
My daughter is Keif Schleifer keif@xxxxxxxxxx

To contact journey organizers:

PLANNING COMMITTEE for DC JOURNEY FOR JUSTICE
Roberta Franklin firstladytms@xxxxxxx=20=20
Nora Callahan nora@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Leonna Abraham-Brandao ramjole@xxxxxxxx
Carol Leonard carolleo864@xxxxxxxxx
Sherry Sweeney taoss@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>

<DIV>You all have heard about the
massive reform march on DC and although there has been lots of support, so many
write that they don't have a way to get there.  We need all of you, so to
make it easier for people with needs to find people who have the solution,
<A
href="http://www.patrickcrusade.org";>The Patrick Crusade</A> has
developed a very helpful forum for the march that we can use to
put  together people who need a ride and people who are offering a
ride.   </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Check it out at <A
href="http://patrickcrusade.org/forum/index.php";>http://patrickcrusade.org/forum/index.php</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I've just posted a
request
to the forum from someone who needs a ride from Palm Coast, Florida. (See
Below).  If you have an extra seat in your vehicle, post it on the
forum.  If you need a ride, post it to the forum.  We need a million
or so people.  Let's try to help each other get there. 
</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Walking in Faith, Kay
Lee</DIV>
<DIV>Making The Walls
Transparent <A
href="http://www.angelfire.com/fl3/starke";>http://www.angelfire.com/fl3/starke</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>DC JOURNEY FOR JUSTICE March</DIV>
<DIV>August 13, 2005
 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM
 Lafayette Park, North end of the
Whitehouse Washington, DC permit number 05-1163
National Parks and Recreation Center </DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www.journeyforjustice.org"; target=_blank>www.journeyforjustice.org</A></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">FLORIDIAN NEEDS A RIDE TO THE MARCH From Palm Coast, located on I 95 between Daytona and St.
Augustine</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> Hi Kay..... My daughter
contacted you not long ago, she lives in Atlanta and we are both concerned with
prison reform, especially health care. I would like to do the Washington march
but am afraid I didn't find out about it until late.  I have emailed
several people here in Fla to see if anyone is driving but no luck so
far. 
If I can't attend this year, I will certainly go next year if there is
one.  </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I want to get active and on committees,
etc. so I can make a difference.  My son is at Tomoka serving a 5 year
term, hopefully to be released in early 07.  It has been an experience
that
I would not want anyone to go through and I have a lot of issues that I'm sure
you hear all the time, mail, food, verbal abuse from correctonal officers, and
the list goes on and on.  </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I realized that I could not take on
everything so I decided to conentrate on health issues since I am retired from
the health care profession and my son was diagnosed with melanoma in 03. If I
can help in any way, or if you know of contact people for me, I would
appreciate
it.  I have been in touch with the American Cancer Society for
programs for prevention, etc. and am working on that at
present.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Contact Judy by email <A
href="mailto:caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx";>caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx</A> 

or phone at 386-446-1112  home
phone    
<DIV>386-593-4332  cell phone  </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>"If no one answers at either
phone, please leave message and I will  return the call"</DIV>
<DIV>  </DIV></DIV>
<DIV>Judy McGovern</DIV>
<DIV><A
href="mailto:caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx";>caatspaug@xxxxxxxxxxxxx</A></DIV>
<DIV>My daughter is Keif Schleifer  <A
href="mailto:keif@xxxxxxxxxx";>keif@xxxxxxxxxx</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>To contact journey
organizers:</DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV align=left> </DIV>
<DIV align=left>
<DIV>PLANNING COMMITTEE for DC JOURNEY FOR JUSTICE Roberta
Franklin  <A
href="http://us.f320.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=firstladytms@xxxxxxx";
target=_blank>firstladytms@xxxxxxx</A> 
 Nora Callahan <A
href="http://us.f320.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=nora@xxxxxxxxxxxx";
target=_blank>nora@xxxxxxxxxxxx</A> Leonna
Abraham-Brandao <A
href="http://us.f320.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=ramjole@xxxxxxxx";
target=_blank>ramjole@xxxxxxxx</A> Carol Leonard
<A
href="http://us.f320.mail.yahoo.com/ym/Compose?To=carolleo864@xxxxxxxxx";
target=_blank>carolleo864@xxxxxxxxx</A> Sherry
Sweeney <A href="mailto:taoss@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
target=_blank>taoss@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</A></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>



 
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From clicking the "162 related" link just above:

Corby dreads the court walk
Advertiser Adelaide, Australia - 44 minutes ago
By Marian Carroll in Denpasar, Bali. SCHAPELLE Corby had been dreading the
reopening of her trial in Bali today because of one thing - "The Walk". ...
Schapelle Corby's trial reopens
BBC News, UK - 1 hour ago
The trial has reopened of an Australian woman sentenced to 20 years in a Bali
jail for drugs smuggling, but key witnesses have failed to appear. ...
Offer on Corby witness immunity
Melbourne Herald Sun, Australia - 48 minutes ago
JUSTICE Minister Chris Ellison today invited the defence team of convicted drug
smuggler Schapelle Corby to apply for immunity for anyone they believed could
...
Corby gets 'last chance'
ABC Online, Australia - 1 hour ago
Schapelle Corby's legal team has won two extra weeks to put forward more
witnesses for special hearings in her High Court appeal against her drug
smuggling ...
Corby faces court as case reopens
The Age (subscription), Australia - 1 hour ago
Convicted drug smuggler Schapelle Corby's legal team has been given another two
weeks and a final chance to find new evidence to back her claim of innocence.
...
Corby case reopens in Bali
ABC Online, Australia - 1 hour ago
Schapelle Corby's drug smuggling trial has reopened in Bali but key witnesses
the defence had hoped would testify have failed to appear. ...
Bali court gives Corby 2nd chance in drug trial
Reuters.uk, UK - 1 hour ago
BALI, Indonesia (Reuters) - A Bali court on Wednesday gave Schapelle Corby, a
convicted Australian drug smuggler, a second chance to call witnesses who her
...
This is your last chance, judge tells Corby
Sydney Morning Herald (subscription), Australia - 2 hours ago
Schapelle Corby's legal team has been given two weeks to find new evidence
backing her claims of innocence. The trial of the 28-year ...
Corby arrives at court
Australian, Australia - 3 hours ago
SCHAPELLE Corby has arrived to chaotic scenes outside a Bali courthouse where
her drugs trial is being reopened today. Dozens of ...
Get me out: Corby plea to Canberra
NEWS.com.au, Australia - 3 hours ago
CONVICTED drug smuggler Schapelle Corby has pleaded with the Australian
Government to help get her out of her Bali jail cell, saying she has had
enough. ...
Schapelle Corby drug appeal opens
CNN International - 3 hours ago
(CNN) -- Convicted Australian drug smuggler Schapelle Corby's appeal trial has
opened on the Indonesian tourist island of Bali Wednesday amid chaotic scenes.
...
Corby pleads for help with witnesses
ABC Online, Australia - 5 hours ago
Convicted drug trafficker Schapelle Corby has expressed disappointment that no
witnesses from Australia will appear at her court hearing in Bali today. ...
CORBY APPEAL BEGINS
Special Broadcasting Service, Australia - 6 hours ago
The appeal hearing for convicted Australian drug smuggler Schapelle Corby
begins today in Bali but her lawyer says he will ask for an adjournment. ...
Corby's lawyer: I have bag handler names
Sydney Morning Herald (subscription), Australia - 8 hours ago
Schapelle Corby's Jakarta lawyer says both Qantas and the Sydney Airport
Authority have supplied him with the names of personnel who handled the
convicted drug ...
Corby legal team struggling for witnesses
ABC Online, Australia - 10 hours ago
By Indonesia correspondent Tim Palmer. Plans by Schapelle Corby's lawyers to
present a series of witnesses to reopened hearings into ...
Owner of Corby drugs `will testify'
Advertiser Adelaide, Australia - 15 hours ago
By CINDY WOCKNER in Denpasar. ON THE eve of her re-opened drugs trial,
Schapelle Corby's lawyers have revealed a sensational claim ...
Thang Nguyen: The ugly ocker rears his racist head once more
Australian, Australia - 16 hours ago
IN Australia, to paraphrase British political novelist George Orwell, all
citizens "are equal, but some are more equal than others". ...
Schapelle Corby witness demands immunity
Melbourne Herald Sun, Australia - 15 hours ago
SCHAPELLE Corby's lawyers say a mystery man is prepared to testify that he put
marijuana in her bag -- but only if the Australian Government grants him ...
Aussie 'to admit planting drugs'
NEWS.com.au, Australia - 17 hours ago
By Sian Powell in Jakarta. SCHAPELLE Corby's senior lawyer said yesterday he
knew of an Australian willing to accept blame for putting ...
Corby trial team runs into witness snag
Sydney Morning Herald (subscription), Australia - 22 hours ago
Schapelle Corby's lawyer claimed that a potentially crucial witness to her case
is refusing to testify without immunity under Australian law. ...
Corby lawyer hangs hopes on time extension
Sydney Morning Herald (subscription), Australia - 22 hours ago
Schapelle Corby may have to turn to Indonesia's highest court if trial judges
don't grant her team more time to produce further witnesses, her Indonesian ...
Real culprit wants to testify: Corby lawyer
ABC Online, Australia - 23 hours ago
A barrister representing convicted drug trafficker Schapelle Corby says her
legal team knows of a person who wants to admit in court to placing marijuana
in ...
Canberra rapped in Corby trial
Jakarta Post, Indonesia - Jul 18, 2005
DENPASAR, Bali: A lawyer representing an Australian woman convicted of drug
smuggling accused Canberra of refusing to provide immunity for key witnesses
who ...
Secret witness is a policeman
Daily Telegraph, Australia - Jul 18, 2005
By CINDY WOCKNER. SCHAPELLE Corby's family and lawyers revealed last night
their new "secret witness" is an Australian policeman. ...
Corby family's hope on mystery officer
Age (subscription), Australia - Jul 18, 2005
By Matthew Moore. Schapelle Corby's sister Mercedes claims the family has
contacted a serving Australian police officer to give evidence ...
Indonesia: Australian Schapelle Corby gets another chance to prove ...
EiTB, Spain - Jul 18, 2005
Lawyers for Schapelle Corby told judges that 12 people would testify that the
marijuana found in her bag had been planted there. ...
Australian police to appear in Corby appeal
Reuters - Jul 18, 2005
BALI, Indonesia (Reuters) - Fresh witnesses, including an Australian police
officer, will appear at a July 20 appeal hearing for the Australian beauty ...
Corby lawyers unable to produce key witnesses
ABC Online, Australia - Jul 18, 2005
Schapelle Corby's defence team has been unable to come up with any direct
witnesses for this week's new hearing of the drug-smuggling case against her.
...
Corby's lawyers seek two-week extension
Sydney Morning Herald (subscription), Australia - Jul 18, 2005
Schapelle Corby's lawyers will request a two-week extension so they can
continue their search for fresh witnesses, including Australian police, when
her drug ...
Corby's lawyers to request extension
Age (subscription), Australia - Jul 18, 2005
Schapelle Corby's lawyers will request a two-week extension when her drug trial
reopens on Wednesday. Bali's High Court is scheduled ...

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For more info:

Google. Web: http://www.google.com/search?q=schapelle+corby

Google News: http://news.google.com/news?q=schapelle+corby

---------------

Photo galleries. Cannabis events worldwide.
http://gallery.marihemp.com/mmm

MMM (Million Marijuana March).
First Saturday in May, or that weekend, or thereabouts.
Hundreds of different cities worldwide since 1999.
2005 city list, links, world map:
http://members.fortunecity.com/multi19/mmm2005map.htm
Yahoo Group:
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<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Schapelle Corby is a top story again in
Google News worldwide:</DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://news.google.com/";>http://news.google.com/</A> -
Please forward widely. Prosecutors have previously said that they wanted to
appeal her 20 year sentence in order to seek life in prison. All for
the crime of finding cannabis in unlocked bags after they passed through many
baggage handling areas notoriously known to be used for drug smuggling. Bag
handlers in one airport pass on drugs to handlers in other airports. The
handler-smugglers forgot to take the cannabis out of Corby's
bags.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schapelle_Corby";>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schapelle_Corby</A>
 Google. Web: <A
href="http://www.google.com/search?q=schapelle+corby";>http://www.google.com/search?q=schapelle+corby</A>  Google
News: <A
href="http://news.google.com/news?q=schapelle+corby";>http://news.google.com/news?q=schapelle+corby</A> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><IMG height=168 alt=story.corby.afp.jpg
src="http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/07/20/indonesia.drugs/story.corby.afp.jpg";
width=220>
<DIV class=cnnStoryCaption align=left>Police
escort Corby into her appeal trial hearing Wednesday.</DIV>
<DIV class=cnnStoryCaption align=left> </DIV>
<DIV class=cnnStoryCaption align=left>
<DIV><IMG height=152 alt="Indonesian law professor, Indriyanto Seno Adjie (R)
takes the stand as an expert witness during her trial in Denpasar, 20 July
2005" hspace=0
src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41322000/jpg/_41322305_trial_afp203.jpg";
width=203 border=0>
<DIV class=cap>Only one witness took the stand on
Wednesday</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A id=r-0-1_1100026053
href="http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15992145%255E1702,00.html";
target=nw>Corby dreads the court
walk</A> Advertiser
Adelaide - 46 minutes ago By Marian Carroll in Denpasar, Bali. SCHAPELLE Corby had been dreading
the reopening of her trial in Bali today because of one thing - "The Walk".
That is what she calls the 50m ordeal she goes through when ...
 <A
href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15991452%255E12377,00.html";
target=nw>Corby arrives at court</A> Australian <A
href="http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/07/20/indonesia.drugs/"; target=
nw>Schapelle Corby drug appeal opens</A> CNN International <A
href="http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,15992100%255E1702,00.html";
target=nw>Melbourne Herald
Sun</A> - <A
href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15991273-29277,00.html";
target=nw>NEWS.com.au</A> - <A
href="http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-07-20T055244Z_01_MCC021126_RTRUKOC_0_CRIME-INDONESIA-CORBY.xml";
target=nw>Reuters.uk</A> - <A
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/this-is-your-last-chance-judge-tells-corby/2005/07/20/1121539016757.html";
target=nw>Sydney Morning Herald (subscription)
</A> - <A
class=p
href="http://news.google.com/?ncl=http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15992145%25255E1702,00.html&hl=en";>all
162 related »</A></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>From clicking the "162 related" link just
above:</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-0_0
href="http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15992145%255E1702,00.html";
target=nw>Corby dreads the court walk</A> Advertiser Adelaide, Australia -
44 minutes ago By Marian Carroll in
Denpasar, Bali. SCHAPELLE Corby had been dreading the reopening of her trial in
Bali today because of one thing - "The Walk". ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-1_0
href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4698753.stm"; target=nw>Schapelle Corby's trial reopens</A> BBC News, UK - 1 hour
ago The trial has reopened of an Australian
woman sentenced to 20 years in a Bali jail for drugs smuggling, but key
witnesses have failed to appear. ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-2_0
href="http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,15992100%255E1702,00.html";
target=nw>Offer on Corby witness
immunity</A> Melbourne Herald
Sun, Australia - 48 minutes ago JUSTICE Minister Chris Ellison today invited the defence team of
convicted drug smuggler Schapelle Corby to apply for immunity for anyone they
believed could ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-3_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1418679.htm"; target=nw>Corby gets 'last chance'</A> ABC Online, Australia - 1 hour
ago Schapelle Corby's legal team has won two
extra weeks to put forward more witnesses for special hearings in her High
Court appeal against her drug smuggling ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-4_0
href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/07/20/1121539007385.html?from=top5";
target=nw>Corby faces court as case
reopens</A> The Age
(subscription), Australia - 1 hour
ago Convicted drug smuggler Schapelle Corby's
legal team has been given another two weeks and a final chance to find new
evidence to back her claim of innocence. ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-5_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1418644.htm"; target=nw>Corby case reopens in Bali</A> ABC Online, Australia - 1 hour
ago Schapelle Corby's drug smuggling trial has
reopened in Bali but key witnesses the defence had hoped would testify have
failed to appear. ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-6_0
href="http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-07-20T055244Z_01_MCC021126_RTRUKOC_0_CRIME-INDONESIA-CORBY.xml";
target=nw>Bali court gives Corby 2nd chance in drug
trial</A> Reuters.uk, UK - 1 hour
ago BALI, Indonesia (Reuters) - A Bali court on
Wednesday gave Schapelle Corby, a convicted Australian drug smuggler, a second
chance to call witnesses who her ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top align=middle width=80><A id=r-7i_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/this-is-your-last-chance-judge-tells-corby/2005/07/20/1121539016757.html";
target=nw><IMG height=60 alt=""
src="http://news.google.com/news?imgefp=84rCMNIPthwJ&imgurl=www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2005/07/20/corby20_wideweb__430x325.jpg";
width=79 border=1></A></TD>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-7_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/this-is-your-last-chance-judge-tells-corby/2005/07/20/1121539016757.html";
target=nw>This is your last chance, judge tells
Corby</A> Sydney Morning Herald
(subscription), Australia - 2 hours
ago Schapelle Corby's legal team has been given
two weeks to find new evidence backing her claims of innocence. The trial of
the 28-year ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-8_0
href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15991452%255E12377,00.html";
target=nw>Corby arrives at court</A> Australian, Australia - 3
hours ago SCHAPELLE Corby has arrived to chaotic
scenes outside a Bali courthouse where her drugs trial is being reopened today.
Dozens of ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-9_0
href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15991273-29277,00.html";
target=nw>Get me out: Corby plea to
Canberra</A> NEWS.com.au, Australia - 3 hours
ago CONVICTED drug smuggler Schapelle Corby has
pleaded with the Australian Government to help get her out of her Bali jail
cell, saying she has had enough. ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-10_0
href="http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/07/20/indonesia.drugs/";
target=nw>Schapelle Corby drug appeal
opens</A> CNN
International - 3 hours ago (CNN) -- Convicted Australian drug smuggler Schapelle Corby's appeal
trial has opened on the Indonesian tourist island of Bali Wednesday amid
chaotic scenes. ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-11_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1418368.htm"; target=nw>Corby pleads for help with witnesses</A> ABC Online, Australia - 5
hours ago Convicted drug trafficker Schapelle
Corby has expressed disappointment that no witnesses from Australia will appear
at her court hearing in Bali today. ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-12_0
href="http://www9.sbs.com.au/theworldnews/region.php?id=116303&region=7";
target=nw>CORBY APPEAL BEGINS</A> Special Broadcasting
Service, Australia - 6 hours ago The appeal hearing for convicted Australian drug smuggler Schapelle
Corby begins today in Bali but her lawyer says he will ask for an adjournment.
... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-13_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/corbys-lawyer-i-have-bag-handler-names/2005/07/20/1121539005158.html";
target=nw>Corby's lawyer: I have bag handler
names</A> Sydney Morning Herald
(subscription), Australia - 8 hours
ago Schapelle Corby's Jakarta lawyer says both
Qantas and the Sydney Airport Authority have supplied him with the names of
personnel who handled the convicted drug ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-14_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1418013.htm"; target=nw>Corby legal team struggling for witnesses</A> ABC Online, Australia - 10
hours ago By Indonesia correspondent Tim Palmer.
Plans by Schapelle Corby's lawyers to present a series of witnesses to reopened
hearings into ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-15_0
href="http://www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15989011%255E911,00.html";
target=nw>Owner of Corby drugs `will
testify'</A> Advertiser
Adelaide, Australia - 15 hours
ago By CINDY WOCKNER in Denpasar. ON THE eve of
her re-opened drugs trial, Schapelle Corby's lawyers have revealed a
sensational claim ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-16_0
href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,15985292%5E7583,00.html";
target=nw>Thang Nguyen: The ugly ocker rears his racist
head once more</A> Australian, Australia - 16 hours
ago IN Australia, to paraphrase British
political novelist George Orwell, all citizens "are equal, but some are more
equal than others". ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-17_0
href="http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,15985603%255E663,00.html";
target=nw>Schapelle Corby witness demands
immunity</A> Melbourne Herald
Sun, Australia - 15 hours ago SCHAPELLE Corby's lawyers say a mystery man is prepared to testify that
he put marijuana in her bag -- but only if the Australian Government grants him
... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-18_0
href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15988020-2,00.html"; target=nw>Aussie 'to admit planting drugs'</A> NEWS.com.au, Australia - 17
hours ago By Sian Powell in Jakarta. SCHAPELLE
Corby's senior lawyer said yesterday he knew of an Australian willing to accept
blame for putting ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-19_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Corby-trial-team-runs-into-witness-snag/2005/07/19/1121538970514.html";
target=nw>Corby trial team runs into witness
snag</A> Sydney Morning Herald
(subscription), Australia - 22 hours
ago Schapelle Corby's lawyer claimed that a
potentially crucial witness to her case is refusing to testify without immunity
under Australian law. ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-20_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/corby-lawyer-hangs-hopes-on-time-extension/2005/07/19/1121538970071.html";
target=nw>Corby lawyer hangs hopes on time
extension</A> Sydney Morning Herald
(subscription), Australia - 22 hours
ago Schapelle Corby may have to turn to
Indonesia's highest court if trial judges don't grant her team more time to
produce further witnesses, her Indonesian ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-21_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1417840.htm"; target=nw>Real culprit wants to testify: Corby lawyer</A> ABC Online, Australia - 23
hours ago A barrister representing convicted
drug trafficker Schapelle Corby says her legal team knows of a person who wants
to admit in court to placing marijuana in ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-22_0
href="http://www.thejakartapost.com/detailnational.asp?fileid=20050719.C06&irec=5";
target=nw>Canberra rapped in Corby
trial</A> Jakarta
Post, Indonesia - Jul 18, 2005 DENPASAR, Bali: A lawyer representing an Australian woman convicted of
drug smuggling accused Canberra of refusing to provide immunity for key
witnesses who ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-23_0
href="http://dailytelegraph.news.com.au/story.jsp?sectionid=1260&storyid=3465639";
target=nw>Secret witness is a
policeman</A> Daily
Telegraph, Australia - Jul 18,
2005 By CINDY WOCKNER. SCHAPELLE Corby's family
and lawyers revealed last night their new "secret witness" is an Australian
policeman. ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-24_0
href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/corby-case/corby-familys-hope-on-mystery-officer/2005/07/18/1121538921336.html";
target=nw>Corby family's hope on mystery
officer</A> Age
(subscription), Australia - Jul 18,
2005 By Matthew Moore. Schapelle Corby's sister
Mercedes claims the family has contacted a serving Australian police officer to
give evidence ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-25_0
href="http://www.eitb24.com/noticia_en.php?id=76414"; target=nw>Indonesia: Australian Schapelle Corby gets another chance to
prove ...</A> EiTB, Spain - Jul 18,
2005 Lawyers for Schapelle Corby told judges
that 12 people would testify that the marijuana found in her bag had been
planted there. ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-26_0
href="http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=worldNews&storyID=2005-07-18T110431Z_01_N18445207_RTRIDST_0_INTERNATIONAL-CRIME-INDONESIA-CORBY-DC.XML";
target=nw>Australian police to appear in Corby
appeal</A> Reuters -
Jul 18, 2005 BALI, Indonesia (Reuters) -
Fresh witnesses, including an Australian police officer, will appear at a July
20 appeal hearing for the Australian beauty ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-27_0
href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s1416887.htm"; target=nw>Corby lawyers unable to produce key witnesses</A> ABC Online, Australia - Jul
18, 2005 Schapelle Corby's defence team has been
unable to come up with any direct witnesses for this week's new hearing of the
drug-smuggling case against her. ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-28_0
href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/corbys-lawyers-seek-twoweek-extension/2005/07/18/1121538914832.html";
target=nw>Corby's lawyers seek two-week
extension</A> Sydney Morning Herald
(subscription), Australia - Jul 18,
2005 Schapelle Corby's lawyers will request a
two-week extension so they can continue their search for fresh witnesses,
including Australian police, when her drug ...
 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE cellSpacing=7 cellPadding=2 width="75%" border=0 valign="top">
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><A id=r-29_0
href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Corbys-lawyers-to-request-extension/2005/07/18/1121538912387.html";
target=nw>Corby's lawyers to request
extension</A> Age
(subscription), Australia - Jul 18,
2005 Schapelle Corby's lawyers will request a
two-week extension when her drug trial reopens on Wednesday. Bali's High Court
is scheduled ... </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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--0-1843412542-1121848554=:91108--

From LibertyForum Post By "Impatient"
7-23-5
=20
This latest "attack" is supposed to correct some faults in the first=20
without causing further mayhem.=20
=20=20
What has given them the most trouble with the first attack? Their=20
choice of patsies.=20
=20=20
They assumed that a loose Muslim connection would be enough to=20
persuade everyone that these lads from Leeds were suicide bombers.=20
But rather than clinch it for the planners, it backfired and the=20
most common and reasonable question that everyone has about the=20
suicide bomber fiction was invoked: How could young men who were not=20
religious fanatics, who were educated, decent fellows, with loving=20
families, and bright futures =AD how could they kill themselves and=20
others?=20
=20=20
Another unforeseen problem was the effusive praise coming from=20
Efraim Halevi that described the London bombings as "near-perfect".=20
Too many people could not get a picture in their minds of four young=20
men with rucksacks able to so perfectly execute simultaneous=20
bombings. It caused doubts that have not been quelled. Too many=20
people saw the hand of the Mossad and its affiliates in the earlier=20
bombing because the four "bombers with rucksacks" did not evoke the=20
necessary sophisticated timing, operational capacity, and scope.=20
=20=20
The latest "attack" is supposed to reaffirm that young men with=20
rucksacks are perfectly capable of a simultaneous triggering of=20
devices, a demonstrable fearlessness in the face of death, and a=20
disregard for the lives of others, even women with babies.=20
=20=20
Because all four bombs malfunctioned this time round, it tells us=20
that the bombers are not the Mossad or any other intelligence agency=20
because 100% malfunction is very unprofessional, it may mean that=20
their first bombing was just good luck, not expertise.=20
=20=20
While the rucksacks in the first bombing have not turned up, this=20
new bombing tells us once again that four young men carried bomb-
laden packs aboard the trains and [would have] died when they=20
detonated.=20
=20=20
The investigation has not proceeded methodically. The whole question=20
of how the bombing was done and who did it was effectively squelched=20
when they began looking for the needle in the haystack =AD the CCTV=20
films. Without knowledge of the type of bombs, their power,=20
placement, and detonation, there could be absolutely no reason to=20
begin looking at CCTV tapes. They could not know what to look for=20
without the certainty that the bombs were carried on, and not placed=20
beforehand.=20
=20=20
It is significant that of all the thousands of hours of CCTV tape=20
they have examined, the only tape they seem to have of the young men=20
from Leeds does not come from London at all! In the pictures we have=20
seen the lads are in Luton, 25 minutes away. Unless they can show us=20
the "bombers" going their separate ways and boarding three or four=20
different trains I will not believe that the young men ever made it=20
to London. Seeing them together at Luton means nothing if they=20
cannot be placed getting on the trains at exactly the right time to=20
take them the right distance from King's Cross before they explode.=20
=20=20
In the case of the 7/7 bombings, going straightaway to the video=20
tapes was very premature and irrational. It can only mean that they=20
knew what they would find because they had planted the "evidence".=20
It makes no sense to begin looking at thousands of hours of video=20
tape from as far away as Luton without any idea of what you are=20
looking for. What could it be? Rucksacks, packages, briefcases, baby=20
strollers, gym bags? Suspicous looking people of a certain race? And=20
remember that the first story was that at least 24 people had been=20
involved.=20
=20=20
What would be the motivation to look at the tapes from Luton? Did=20
they also look at tapes from video cameras at the airports and bus=20
stations? It would seem to be just as reasonable to look at those=20
tapes as looking at Luton. And why is the Luton tape the only tape?=20
=20=20
Luton is interesting because an office of ICTS (the Israeli security=20
firm) is about a mile from a Thameslink station. ICTS is actually=20
located in the Luton and Dunstable NHS Hospital. It seems a little=20
odd that this firm that handles security for the Stansted airport=20
would be located at the Hospital.=20
=20=20
Just like the problem with 9/11 and Madrid - there were no hijackers=20
and no bombers to film. They tried to get around that on 7/7 by=20
getting some patsies to photograph. They did not leave it to chance,=20
for those picked had to be disposed of as though they had been=20
killed in the blasts. Never Mind the "Evidence," Who Planted it?=20
The "investigation" that led to the Leeds four was not a real=20
investigation because the videotape evidence was "planted" and the=20
investigation was "led" to find it. People seem to overlook this=20
fact and assume that there were real clues that led=20
the "investigators" to check the video cameras in Luton. Luton is=20
distant from London and a real investigation would have no more=20
reason to check those cameras than they would the cameras at=20
Stansted or Heathrow or the bus stations or Thameslink stations in=20
other directions. They vaguely justify looking northward and in=20
Leeds because one mother called about her missing son - one mother=20
out of 120,000 calls!=20
=20=20
Just like the 19 photographs of the suicide hijackers, we never ask=20
where those came from and how the FBI got them. The FBI admits there=20
was not a single piece of paper to indicate the planning or=20
knowledge of 9/11 but we are to believe that pictures of 19=20
hijackers sort of "turn up" very quickly after 9/11.=20
=20=20
But people seem to begin their questions too far down the road, away=20
from the initial and thoroughly incriminating points.=20
=20=20
Wherever there is "planted" evidence it means the perpetrators have=20
planted it to divert honest investigators. To investigate the=20
planted evidence as though it is real is to miss the opportunity of=20
catching the fix at the beginning. It is those who plant the=20
evidence who are responsible for the crime.=20
=20=20
The real perpetrators give themselves away by going directly to=20
Luton to find their video. What are the chances of that? They went=20
to Luton before there was any forensic investigation at the bomb=20
sites. They were off to Luton even before they had removed all the=20
body parts from the blasts - before they had any evidence that=20
rucksacks were used to bring the bombs onto the trains - they were=20
on t